地方铁路引入社会资本的合作机制研究
Cooperative Mechanism of Social Capital Investment in Local Railway
地方铁路为地方经济和铁路行业的持续发展发挥了重要作用。随着地方政府铁路事权和支出责任的逐步增强,地方铁路建设发展面临着诸多问题。尤其是在引入社会资本时,地方政府与社会资本之间的责任和风险不能合理配置,这极大影响了地方铁路的健康发展。以罗定铁路为案例,通过分析政府为缓解债务压力引入民营资本,却被民营资本套牢又不得不重回政府主导的建设发展历程,阐明铁路实现可持续发展所要遵循的客观规律,进一步总结罗定铁路引入社会资本过程中的经验教训。认为地方政府应树立“有责政府”主体意识,重视铁路的经济属性、资本属性和风险属性,引入社会资本合作时要加强在市场准入、利益分配、风险分担和激励约束等方面的机制建设。
Local railway plays an important role in the sustainable development of the local economy and railway industry. With the gradual enhancement of local government railway authority and expenditure responsibility, the construction and development of local railway encounter many problems. Especially, while introducing social capital, the responsibilities and risks between local governments and social capital cannot be reasonably allocated, which greatly affects the healthy development of local railway. This paper took the Luoding Railway as a case to analyze local government introducing private capital to alleviate debt pressure but was trapped and had to return to government-led construction and development. It clarified the objective laws that railways must follow to achieve sustainable development and further summarized the experience and lessons from Luoding Railway. The paper believes that the local government should establish the subject consciousness of "responsible government", pay attention to the attributes of the railway in economic, capital and risk, and strengthen mechanism construction in the market access, benefit allocation, risk sharing, and incentive restraint.
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国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD09)
交通运输部规划研究院科技开发项目(092214-215)
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