To clarify the basic principle and criterion of railway coverage measurement and improve the measurement quality and efficiency, the theory and practice of railway light band coverage were studied. After introducing the railway coverage measurement, this paper expounded the basic concept of railway light band coverage theory. The paper put forward the main process of using light band coverage theory for coverage measurement, including the steps of selecting railway lines, generating coverage light band, specifying coverage targets, and calculating coverage effects. It studied issues such as light band generation theory, authoritative statistical caliber, and reasonable coverage targets. The paper also put forward four main application directions of the light band coverage theory: the railway coverage measurement of administrative districts, the railway coverage measurement of economic and social development indicators, the necessity analysis of planning projects, and the key node coverage measurement. Combined with GIS technology, this paper put forward an automatic method of railway light band coverage measurement based on buffer analysis and analyzed the basic algorithm flow and key technology of GIS secondary development. The practice has proved that the light band coverage theory can accurately and efficiently measure the coverage effect of high speed railway, and has become the main method of railway coverage evaluation in China. The relevant ideas can provide a reference for the evaluation of the infrastructure coverage effect.
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