From the perspective of low carbon, this paper optimized the train routing operation scheme of urban rail transit. Considering the unbalanced distribution of passenger flow in urban rail transit, this paper proposed to adopt the long and short routing operation mode to alleviate the shortage of transportation capacity in the central urban area, improve the service quality, reduce carbon emissions, and promote the low-carbon development of the city. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model was established to minimize the total passenger waiting time on the entire railway line, the distance travelled by vehicles, and the carbon emission of trains. Through the setting of assumptions and constraints, factors such as passenger travel experience, train operation cost, carbon emissions, and full load rate of trains were comprehensively considered. The sparrow optimization algorithm was used to solve the model, and the operation effects of the long and short routing schemes and the single routing scheme were compared through case analysis. The results show that the operation scheme obtained by optimizing the departure frequency and the starting station can reduce the total waiting time of passengers by up to 45 197.5 s and cut down the carbon emissions by up to 601 192 kg. The transportation efficiency decreases slightly, and the full load rate of the maximum section decreases by up to 15%.
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