高铁车站最高聚集人数的综合计算法研究
Comprehensive Calculation Method for Maximum Number of People Gathered at High Speed Railway Stations
深化高铁车站最高聚集人数研究对于合理确定车站规模、解决当前部分车站规模与客流不匹配的问题具有重要意义。研究提出了融合图解法、类比法、仿真法的综合计算法,以微观层面的客流集散过程为视角,考虑衔接线路、所在城市、配套服务3类影响高铁车站客流集散的因素,提出了基于细分维度法的单列车乘车人数计算和基于对数正态分布的单列车旅客到达规律来模拟集聚过程,构建了行车指标偏重和分类标准差筛选相结合的新建车站旅客列车开行方案量化类比确定方法来模拟分散过程。采用全国范围内高铁车站历史数据对方法中的参数进行标定。研究实现了方法的计算机化,并通过相关案例验证了方法的可行性和有效性。该方法在考虑高铁车站异质性的基础上较为精准地实现了客流集聚过程,融合了多种方法的优点,克服了相关方法以定性为主、参数选择范围大、精确性不足等问题。
Deepening the research on the maximum number of people gathered at high speed railway stations is of great significance for determining station size more reasonably and addressing the mismatch between station capacity and passenger flow in some cases. From the perspective of the micro-level passenger flow gathering and distribution, the paper proposed a comprehensive calculation method that integrates graphical analysis, analogy, and simulation techniques. It took into account three major categories of influencing factors, including connecting railway lines, the city in which the station is located, and supporting services. The method introduced a passenger count model based on a subdivision dimension approach and simulated passenger arrival patterns using a lognormal distribution to model the aggregation process. For simulating the dispersion process, it established a quantitative analogy-based approach for determining train operation schemes at newly built stations, which combines train operation bias indicators and classification standard deviation screening. National historical data from high speed railway stations were used to calibrate the parameters of the method. The approach has been computerized, and its feasibility and effectiveness have been validated through relevant case studies. By incorporating the heterogeneity of high speed railway stations, this method more accurately captures the passenger flow aggregation process, integrates the advantages of multiple methodologies, and addresses issues in previous approaches such as extensive reliance on qualitative analysis, broad parameter ranges, and insufficient accuracy.
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