The continuous development of China's coal industry has formed an integrated operation mode of production, transport, and marketing. However, under this mode, the fluctuation of transport volume leads to the sharp increase and decrease of train flow, which in turn leads to the complexity of train operation adjustment. This paper put forward the adjustment measures for the decomposition of heavy-haul empty trains for the production and transport process of sending back empty trains, such as the backlog of empty trains at the established arrival station and the demand for temporary loading of trains at the loading station. The paper analyzed train decomposition types and operational processes and studied the impact of train decomposition on traffic. The train decomposition model with the shortest waiting time for loading as the first-stage objective function and with the smallest total late delays and number of late trains as the second-stage objective function was set up. The model was solved by an object-oriented genetic algorithm. The research took the empty train return process of the Huifeng-Shenchinan section as an example to solve and analyze the calculation results. It is found that the proposed measures can better meet the loading demand of en-route stations, accelerate the turnover of trains, improve the transport capacity, and provide a reference for the study on empty train operation adjustment of heavy-haul railway under train decomposition scenario.
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