At present, the setting of dwell time in urban rail transit rarely takes into account the tidal characteristics of passenger flow in the up and down directions of the line during peak periods. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more refined research on the differentiated setting of dwell time by direction. Based on the OD passenger flow data of the network, a boarding and alighting passenger flow calculation model was established by direction to convert point-type data such as entry/exit time and location into direction-specific boarding and alighting passenger flow data. Considering factors such as the crowding degree in the carriage, the imbalance coefficient of passenger queuing, and the coefficient of carrying large luggage, a multi-factor differentiated model was created for dwell time setting to accurately match the tidal characteristics of passenger flow in the up and down directions of the line. The platform dwell time of trains in the up and down directions was also set differentially. Finally, with the Xiamen subway operating network as a case study, the model was applied and verified. The results show that the model can significantly improve train operation efficiency, with one-way running time of the line reduced by up to 55 s. The boarding and alighting needs for passengers can be better met, with a 56% average improvement rate of the deviation degree of train arrivals in the direction of heavy passenger flow during the peak hours. The good green energy-saving effects can be achieved, and the average occurrence frequency of trains rushing to meet the schedule in the direction of heavy passenger flow during the peak hours has been reduced by 62%. The boarding and alighting safety of passengers can be effectively ensured, with the number of door entrapment incidents in the rail network decreased by 37%.
通常情况下,工作日高峰期潮汐客流特征最为明显,因此本研究模型应用以工作日高峰期为例。排除大型活动、设备故障等客流数据异常日期影响,选取各线路近期早/晚高峰最大15 min OD客流数据,应用分方向乘客上下车客流计算模型得到多因子差异化停站时间设置模型所需的基础客流数据,即各车站分方向上车和下车的客流数据,以及相应的断面客流数据,采用峰值数据以保证覆盖高峰期各时段上下车客流需求,并为实际停站预留了一定的富余时间。其中,厦门地铁1号线工作日早高峰15 min最大客流数据如表1所示。
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