低空经济政策与城市空中交通创新生态系统产业发展演变及作用机制研究
Low-Altitude Economy Policies and Development Evolution and Mechanisms of Urban Air Mobility Innovation Ecosystem Industry
城市空中交通(UAM)是低空经济的核心产业。近年来低空经济快速发展,得益于国家在低空空域改革、无人驾驶航空器飞行管理等政策的引领,但仍面临政策法规不健全、产业技术创新不足、市场有待培育等问题。研究聚焦低空经济政策层面,以2010—2024年政策文件为样本,分析政策的演变过程,探索政策对UAM创新生态系统的作用机制。研究发现,政策战略明确系统各发展阶段的发展目标和产业定位,顶层引导系统发展;政策工具在系统各个阶段组合方式各有侧重,应重点加强空域管理、基础设施建设、核心技术突破、应用场景拓展这几类政策,促进系统中环境、供给、需求主体协同发展;政策组合与系统不同主体间形成各自的作用机制,促进UAM产业高质量发展,为未来政策制定提供参考。
Urban air mobility (UAM) is the core industry of the low-altitude economy. The rapid development of the low-altitude economy in recent years has benefited from national policies in low-altitude airspace reform and unmanned aerial vehicle flight management. However, there are still challenges such as incomplete policy and regulatory frameworks, insufficient industrial technological innovation, and an underdeveloped market that requires cultivation. Focusing on the policy dimension of the low-altitude economy, this study analyzed the evolution of policies using policy documents from 2010 to 2024 as samples and explored the mechanism through which these policies influence the UAM innovation ecosystem. The research findings show that policy strategy clearly defines development objectives and industrial positioning for each stage of the ecosystem, providing top-level guidance for its evolution. The deployment of policy instruments varies in emphasis across different stages of the ecosystem; priority should be given to strengthening policies related to airspace management, infrastructure construction, breakthroughs in core technologies, and the expansion of application scenarios to foster synergistic development among the environmental, supply, and demand entities within the ecosystem. Furthermore, policy mixes form distinct mechanisms of interaction with the different ecosystem entities, promoting the high-quality development of the UAM industry. These findings provide a reference for future policy formulation.
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国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U2433214)
中国民航大学研究生科研创新项目(2024YJSKC070010)
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