基于云模型的铁路新站客运安全提前治理体系研究与实施
Research and Implementation of Advance Safety Governance System for Passenger Transport in New Railway Stations Based on Cloud Model
针对我国铁路客运车站因规模扩张、客流量激增及外部环境复杂化引发的火灾爆炸、踩踏事故与反恐防暴等系统性安全隐患,提出一种基于云模型的铁路新站客运安全源头治理体系。该体系将安全治理前置至设计建设源头,通过云模型融合概率论与模糊数学,在方案设计阶段实现风险的动态预判与闭环管控,解决既有车站因“建运脱节”导致的设施超负荷、应急能力不足等结构性问题。以上海松江站为实证对象,基于云重心评判法识别出3项核心风险指标,针对性实施整改,将方案风险等级由中等(云相似度0.343)降至低等。实证表明,该方法突破了传统定性评估的局限性,为新建铁路客运站提供了兼顾前瞻性与本质安全的系统性解决方案。
In view of the systemic safety hazards such as fires and explosions, stampede accidents, and anti-terrorism and riot prevention issues caused by the scale expansion, surge in passenger flow, and increasingly complex external environment of railway passenger stations in China, this paper proposed a source governance system for passenger transport safety in new railway stations based on the cloud model. This system shifted safety governance forward to the source of design and construction. By integrating probability theory and fuzzy mathematics through the cloud model, the system realized dynamic risk prediction and closed-loop management in the scheme design stage, solving structural problems of existing stations such as facility overload and inadequate emergency capacity caused by the “disconnection between construction and operation”. With Shanghai Songjiang Station as an empirical object, three core risk indicators were identified based on the cloud barycenter evaluation method, and targeted rectification was implemented, thereby reducing the risk level of the scheme from medium (cloud similarity of 0.343) to low. The empirical results show that this method breaks through the limitations of traditional qualitative evaluation and provides a systematic solution balancing foresight and intrinsic safety for new railway passenger stations.
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