The train group operation mode serves as the foundation for group operations and directly influences both the efficiency of train group operation and the transport capacity of heavy-haul railways. To improve the efficiency of train group operations, this paper investigates methods for designing train group operation modes for heavy-haul railways. First, the concept of the train group operation mode is introduced, and it is clarified that it consists of the following elements: unit train type, quantity, and formation sequence. Based on this, typical train group operation modes are classified into three categories: pure conventional train groups, pure 10 000-ton train groups, and mixed groups of conventional trains and 10 000-ton trains. Furthermore, a comparison method for train group operation modes is proposed, with three key indicators: utilization rate of passing capacity, adaptability rate of transport capacity, and adaptability rate of power supply capacity. Finally, using the Shuohuang Railway as a case study, twelve candidate train group operation modes are proposed and compared. The results show that the operation mode of "three 10 000-ton train grouping" can fully utilize the transport capacity of the Shuohuang Railway under the constraints of transport demand and power supply capacity.
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