西藏林周县不同年龄不同部位牦牛肉营养成分分析
朱彦宾 , 闫伟 , 孙光明 , 李鑫 , 次旦央吉null , 刘翔宇 , 刘振华 , 樊少先 , 巴桑旺堆
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (04) : 17 -26.
西藏林周县不同年龄不同部位牦牛肉营养成分分析
Nutritional analysis of different-part meat of yaks at different age in Tibetan Linzhou County
目的 以西藏林周县牦牛为研究对象,探讨西藏林周县不同年龄(3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁)牦牛不同部位(西冷、上脑和米龙)营养指标和挥发性风味物质组成差异。 方法 根据食品国家安全标准所述方法及气相色谱-质谱联用系统分别测定氨基酸、脂肪、蛋白质、水分、脂肪酸含量和挥发性风味物质相对含量。 结果 酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量在4岁牦牛米龙部位有上调趋势(P<0.1)。不同牦牛群体西冷部位甘氨酸含量有变化(P<0.1),4岁牦牛甘氨酸含量最高,6岁牦牛甘氨酸含量最低;西冷部位EAA/NEAA比值有变化(P<0.1),4岁牦牛EAA/NEAA比值显著低于6岁牦牛比值(P<0.05);西冷部位EAA/TAA比值在不同牦牛群体间差异显著(P<0.05),4岁牦牛EAA/TAA比值显著低于5岁和6岁牦牛比值(P<0.05)。4岁牦牛米龙部位蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05)。不同牦牛群体西冷部位相对含量大于5%的风味物质组成有差异,在3、4、5和6岁牦牛群体中,分别检出3大类(醛类、醇类和酯类)6种不同的化合物、5大类(醛类、醇类、酸类、酮类和芳香类)6种不同的化合物、3大类(醛类、醇类和酯类)6种不同的化合物及4大类(醛类、醇类、酮类和芳香类)4种不同的化合物。 结论 年龄对不同部位牦牛肉氨基酸、蛋白质含量和风味物质组成有较大影响,对进一步开展林周地区牦牛肉品质评价及特色牦牛肉生产提供了参考资料。
Objective The study was conducted to investigate nutritional indexes and volatile flavor components in different muscles (sirloin, high rib and topside) of yaks at different ages (3, 4, 5 and 6 years old),which were living in Linzhou county in Tibet. Method The relative contents of amino acid,fat,protein, water and fatty acid in different-part meat of yaks were tested according to the method described in the national food safety standard, and the flavor components in sirloin muscle were determined by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Result The contents of tyrosine and phenylalanine in topside of 4-year-old yak showed an upward trend (P<0.1). The glycine content in sirloin differed among the different yak groups (P<0.1); that is, the glycine content was the highest in 4-year-old yak, and was the lowest in 6-year-old yak. The EAA/NEAA ratio in sirloin varied with the age (P<0.1),and it was significantly lower in the 4-year-old yak than that in the 6-year-old yak (P<0.05).The EAA/TAA ratio in sirloin was significantly different among different yak groups (P<0.05),which was significantly lower in the 4-year-old yak than that of both the 5- and 6-year-old yak (P<0.05).The content of protein increased significantly in topside of the 4-year-old yaks (P<0.05). There were differences in the composition of flavor substances with a relative content of more than 5% in sirloin muscle among different-aged yaks. Six different compounds belonging to three categories (aldehydes, alcohols and esters) were detected in the 3-year-old yaks, six different compounds belonging to five categories (aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ketones and aromatics) detected in the 4-year-old, six different compounds belonging to three categories (aldehydes, alcohols and esters) detected in the 5-year-old, and four different compounds belonging to four categories (aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and aromatics) were detected in the 5-aged yaks. Conclusion It was found that the age had a great impact on the relative contents of amino acid, protein and flavor composition in different-part meat of yaks, which provided basic data for the quality evaluation and featured production of yak meat in Linzhou County.
yak meat / age / nutritional component
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江苏农牧科技职业学院横向项目(11710120046)
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江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目(苏教师函[2022]29号)
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