咸淡水灌溉下蚯蚓粪和生物炭对栽植番茄草炭基质理化特性的影响
武育芳 , 杨官凯 , 曹行行 , 韩聪颖 , 张雪艳
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (04) : 105 -113.
咸淡水灌溉下蚯蚓粪和生物炭对栽植番茄草炭基质理化特性的影响
Effects of brackish and fresh water irrigation on the physical and chemical properties of substrates
目的 探究微咸水和淡水灌溉下番茄不同栽培基质的理化特性的变化,为在微咸水灌溉下选出最适番茄栽培的草炭基质提供参考和理论依据。 方法 进行了秋冬茬(2019年8月31日~2019年12月2日)和早春茬(2020年4月3日~2020年8月23日)两个茬口的田间栽培试验,设计3种栽培基质和2种水质的灌溉处理,分别为:草炭+淡水灌溉、草炭+微咸水灌溉、草炭+蚯蚓粪+淡水灌溉、草炭+蚯蚓粪+微咸水灌溉、草炭+生物炭+淡水灌溉、草炭+生物炭+微咸水灌溉,共6个处理组合,分析了各处理对基质物理性状、养分及酶活性的影响。 结果 灌溉水质对通气孔隙度、有机质和速效氮无显著影响;栽培基质对有机质无显著影响;灌溉水质和栽培基质两者交互作用对通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、速效氮和过氧化氢酶无显著影响。基质容重、通气孔隙度和持水孔隙度随茬口增加而增加,且草炭添加蚯蚓粪可显著增加基质容重,降低基质通气孔隙度;随茬口增加,速效养分、全磷以及脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性整体呈现下降趋势,而全氮、有机质呈现上升趋势。微咸水灌溉下基质速效磷、全氮、全磷和全钾以及pH、EC均高于淡水灌溉。在微咸水灌溉下,草炭添加蚯蚓粪和生物炭的基质容重均显著高于单一草炭基质。草炭+蚯蚓粪与草炭相比两茬基质通气孔隙度均呈下降趋势,而早春茬持水孔隙度在各处理间无显著差异。两茬各处理均对全磷无显著影响,与草炭基质相比,微咸水下草炭+蚯蚓粪基质可显著增加速效氮、速效磷含量,而磷酸酶活性显著降低,草炭+生物炭基质可显著增加速效钾含量,而过氧化氢酶活性显著降低。通过双因素分析表明,灌溉水质和栽培基质均对基质速效养分、全效养分以及酶活性存在显著影响,且互作效应显著。 结论 以番茄为研究对象,在淡水灌溉下草炭+生物炭基质效果最优,在微咸水灌溉下草炭+蚯蚓粪基质效果最优。
Objective To investigate the effects of brackish water and fresh water irrigation on physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates,so as to provide reference and theoretical basis for selecting the optimal substrate for tomato cultivation under brackish water irrigation. Method Peat (P),peat + earthworm (PE) and peat + biochar (PB) were used in the experiment,and brackish water irrigation (B) and fresh water irrigation (F) were used in Pf,Pb,PEf,PEb,PBf and PBb treatments.The effects of brackish water on physical properties,nutrients and enzyme activities of matrix were systematically analyzed. Result Irrigation water quality had no significant effect on aeration porosity,organic matter and available nitrogen,while cultivation substrate had no significant effect on organic matter.The interaction between irrigation water quality and cultivation substrate had no significant effect on aeration porosity,water retention porosity,available nitrogen and catalase,and the rest had significant effect on other indexes.Substrate bulk density,aeration pores and water-holding pores increased with the stubble increase,and the addition of earthworm in peat significantly increased substrate bulk density and decreased substrate aeration space.With the stubble increasing,the available nutrients,total phosphorus,urease and catalase activities decreased,while total nitrogen and organic matter increased.The substrate nutrients of available P,total N,total P,total K,pH and EC under brackish water irrigation were higher than those under fresh water irrigation.Under brackish water irrigation,the bulk density of earthworm and biochar were significantly higher than that of peat alone.Compared with peat + earthworm,aeration porosity of two stubble showed a downward trend,while water retention porosity of early spring stubble showed no significant difference among different treatments.Compared with peat,the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in brackish water were significantly increased by peat + earthworm,while the activity of phosphatase was significantly decreased.The content of available potassium was significantly increased by peat + biochar,while the activity of catalase was significantly decreased.Two-factor analysis showed that irrigation water quality and cultivation substrate had significant effects on basal available nutrients,total available nutrients and enzyme activities,and were significantly affected by their interaction. Conclusion Under fresh water irrigation,the effect of peat + biochar shows the best,and under brackish water irrigation,the effect of peat + earthworm shows the best.
番茄 / 微咸水 / 草炭 / 生物炭 / 蚯蚓粪 / 基质养分 / 酶活性
tomato / brackish water / peat / biochar / earthworm / matrix nutrients / enzyme activity
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宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目国际合作项目(2019BEH03001)
自治区科技创新领军人才项目(KJT2017001)
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