大鲵不同部位肌肉和皮营养品质评价
喻亚丽 , 刘智禹 , 鲁晓蓉 , 甘金华 , 周运涛 , 毛涛 , 张浪 , 何力
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (04) : 184 -193.
大鲵不同部位肌肉和皮营养品质评价
Evaluation of nutritional quality of muscle and skin in different parts of Andrias davidianus
目的 探寻大鲵不同部位皮和肌肉的质构特性、营养成分差异。 方法 选取大鲵不同部位肌肉和不同部位皮进行营养成分、质构特性、pH和保水性进行差异研究,并进行感官评价。 结果 大鲵尾部肌肉和皮的粗脂肪含量分别为4.88 g/100g和2.68 g/100g,显著高于其他部位的肌肉和皮;尾部肌肉水分含量显著低于其他部位(P<0.05);大鲵皮和肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为Met+Cys,肌肉中必需氨基酸总含量和氨基酸总量均低于皮,各部位皮中呈味氨基酸总含量为28.23 g/100g,远高于肌肉的17.15 g/100g;大鲵肌肉质构特性中腹部的硬度和回复性显著低于背部和尾部肌肉(P>0.05);大鲵尾部肌肉脂肪酸种类最多,为20种;肌肉和皮中含量最高的脂肪酸均为油酸,其中以尾部肌肉中油酸含量最高,达到37.59%。尾部肌肉亚油酸、亚麻酸、EPA和DHA齐全,脂肪酸种类丰富;尾部肌肉pH值最低,保水性最差;背部肌肉嫩度、色泽及气味感官评分最高。 结论 大鲵各部位肌肉和皮均具有较高的营养价值和食用价值。
Objective To explore the texture characteristics and nutrient composition differences of skin and muscle of different parts of Andrias davidianus. Method The nutritional composition,TPA,pH and water retention of muscle and skin of different parts of the Andrias davidianus were studied. Sensory assessment was also performed. Result The crude fat content of muscle and skin in tail were 4.88 g/100g and 2.68 g/100g, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of muscle and skin in other parts, and the moisture of muscle in tail was significantly lower than other parts (P<0.05). The first limiting amino acid in skin and muscle was Met+Cys.The total content of essential amino acid and total amino acid in muscle was lower than that in skin.The total content of delicious amino acid in skin was 28.23 g/100g,which was much higher than that in muscle (17.15 g/100g).The hardness and recovery of abdominal muscles were significantly lower than those of muscle in back and tail (P>0.05). There were 22 kinds of fatty acids in muscle and 20 kinds of fatty acids in skin. Oleic acid represented the highest quantity of fatty acids in both muscle and skin, and the oleic acid content in tail muscle was the highest (37.59%). Tail muscle was rich in linoleic acid, linolenic acid,EPA and DHA.The pH value of tail muscle was the lowest and water retention was the worst. Back muscle tenderness, color and odor sensory scores were the highest. Conclusion The muscle and skin of the Andrias davidianus have high nutritional value and edible value.
Andrias davidianus / muscle / skin / nutrition / texture characteristics
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