不同轮作休耕模式对春小麦农艺性状、光合特性及产量的影响
史功赋 , 方静 , 魏淑丽 , 王建国 , 程玉臣 , 张向前 , 李树生 , 赵小庆 , 路战远
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (05) : 61 -71.
不同轮作休耕模式对春小麦农艺性状、光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of different rotation fallow patterns on agronomic characters,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat
目的 探究大兴安岭西麓不同轮作休耕模式下春小麦光合生理差异及其适应性机制,筛选出适宜该地区春小麦生长发育的轮作休耕模式。 方法 以春小麦品种龙麦36号为试验材料,系统分析了春小麦连作(WWW)、春小麦2016-油菜2017-休耕2018(WRF)、春小麦2016-马铃薯2017-休耕2018(WPF)、春小麦2016-休耕2017-油菜2018(WFR)、春小麦2016-休耕2017-马铃薯2018(WFP)5种处理下春小麦开花期干质量、鲜质量、株高和光合特性及产量的变化趋势。 结果 与WWW处理相比,其他4种处理下春小麦干质量、鲜质量、株高均显著增加(P<0.05),其中WPF鲜质量增加最大,为169.23%,WFP次之,增加了123.98%。5种处理下春小麦旗叶净光合速率由大到小依次为WRF>WFR>WPF>WFP>WWW;与WWW相比,轮作休耕模式下春小麦旗叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率均显著增加(P<0.05),胞间二氧化碳浓度显著下降(P<0.05),其中WPF气孔导度和蒸腾速率增加最大,分别为149.03%和90.51%。与WWW相比,其他4种处理下春小麦籽粒产量、穗长、穗粒数、穗质量等产量性状显著增加(P<0.05),其中WPF产量增加最大,为79.82%,WFP次之、增加了78.83%。通径分析发现,穗长是影响春小麦籽粒产量的关键性状。 结论 合理的轮作休耕模式能够通过提高春小麦旗叶光合强度,促进其生长发育和干物质积累进而提升产量,穗长是春小麦籽粒产量构成的关键性状。WPF可作为大兴安岭西麓地区春小麦稳产丰产的适宜轮作休耕模式。
Objective To explore the photosynthetic physiological differences and adaptive mechanism of spring wheat under different rotation fallow models in the West foot of Daxing'an Mountains,and to select the rotation fallow model suitable for the growth and development of spring wheat in this area. Method Spring wheat variety 'Longmai 36' was used as experimental material.The variation trends of dry weight,fresh weight,plant height,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat at flowering stage were systematically analyzed under five treatments: spring wheat continuous cropping (WWW),spring wheat 2016-rape 2017- fallow 2018 (WRF),spring wheat 2016- potato 2017-fallow 2018 (WPF),spring wheat 2016-fallow 2017-rape 2018 (WFR) and spring wheat 2016-fallow 2017-potato 2018 (WFP). Result Compared with WWW,the dry weight,fresh weight and plant height of spring wheat under rotation fallow mode increased significantly (P<0.05),and the fresh weight of WPF increased by 169.23%.The second was WFP,which increased by 123.98%.The order of net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of spring wheat from large to small was WRF>WFR>WPF>WFP>WWW.Compared with WWW,the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of spring wheat in rotation fallow model flag leaf increased significantly (P<0.05),and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05).Among them,the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of WPF increased the most,which were 149.03% and 90.51% respectively.Compared with WWW,grain yield,ear length,number of grains per ear and ear weight of spring wheat increased significantly under the other four treatments(P<0.05),among which WPF increased the most,79.82%,followed by WFP,78.83%.Path analysis showed that spike length was the key character affecting grain yield of spring wheat. Conclusion Reasonable rotation fallow mode can improve the yield by improving the photosynthetic intensity of flag leaves,promoting their growth and development and dry matter accumulation,and ear length is the key character of grain yield composition of spring wheat.WPF can be used as a suitable rotation fallow model for stable and high yield of spring wheat in the West foot of Daxing'anling mountains.
大兴安岭 / 轮作休耕 / 春小麦 / 光合特性 / 农艺性状 / 通径分析
Daxing'anling mountains / rotation fallow / spring wheat / photosynthetic characteristics / agronomic traits / path analysis
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