聚乳酸可降解地膜对绿洲灌区玉米产量和农田水热特性的影响
吕汉强 , 赵文花 , 李含婷 , 于爱忠 , 陈桂平
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (05) : 72 -79.
聚乳酸可降解地膜对绿洲灌区玉米产量和农田水热特性的影响
Effects of polylactic acid degradable film on maize yield and soil hydrothermal characteristics in oasis irrigation area
目的 针对目前残膜累积导致农田生态环境污染和服务功能下降等问题,探究不同厚度聚乳酸可降解地膜对绿洲灌区玉米产量和农田水热特性的影响。 方法 在石羊河流域进行田间试验,本研究选取0.006 mm (PLA1)和0.008 mm (PLA2)厚度聚乳酸生物可降解地膜以及0.010 mm厚度的普通聚乙烯地膜(PE)覆盖种植玉米,探究不同厚度聚乳酸可降解地膜对绿洲灌区玉米产量和农田水热特性的影响,并采用填埋试验探究不同厚度可降解膜的降解性能。 结果 与PE相比,PLA2覆盖下玉米农田土壤温度、土壤含水量、作物耗水量和水分利用效率无显著差异,水分利用效率达24.6 kg/(hm2·mm),其叶面积指数、干物质累积量及产量构成因素与PE无显著差异,籽粒产量达13 533.3 kg/hm2。此外,PLA2覆盖下农田水热特性和玉米产量均显著高于PLA1。在降解性能方面,PLA1降解率显著高于PE和PLA2,90 d后超过50%;PLA2填埋后60 d降解程度显著增大,150 d后成为碎屑,降解率达50.9%,降解性能优良。 结论 从生产上看,0.008 mm聚乳酸可降解地膜降解性能优良,与普通PE地膜具有相同的增温保墒和增产效应,可代替0.010 mm普通PE地膜应用于干旱绿洲灌区玉米生产中。
Objective Aiming at the problem of the accumulation of residual film leading to ecological environment pollution and service function of farmland decline.Scientific selection of biodegradable mulching film with appropriate thickness is of practical significance to the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Method In this study,the polylactic acid biodegradable film of 0.006 mm(PLA1) and 0.008 mm thickness(PLA2) and polyethylene film of 0.010 mm thickness (PE) were selected to plant maize.A field experiment was conducted to explore degradable property of biodegradable film with different thickness and its effect on soil temperature and moisture and maize yield,in Shiyang River. Result There were no significant differences in soil temperature,soil water content,crop water consumption and water use efficiency under PLA2 compared with PE,its water use efficiency reached 24.6 kg/(hm2·mm).LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield components between PLA2 and PE is no significant differences,its grain yield reached 13 533.3 kg/hm2.In addition,under PLA2,the soil moisture and maize yield were significantly higher than those under PLA1.In terms of degradation properties,the degradation rate of PLA1 was over 50% after 90 days,which was significantly higher than that of PE and PLA2.PLA2 has excellent degradation property that the degradation degree increased significantly 60 days after,and became debris 150 days after,and the degradation rate reached 50.9%. Conclusion In terms of agricultural production,0.008 mm polylactic acid degradable film has excellent degradation property,and has the same effect of increasing temperature,moisture and yield as PE film.It can replace 0.010 mm PE film in maize production in arid oasis irrigation area.
polylactic acid / degradable film / maize / hydrothermal characteristics / yield
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