河西走廊武威产区美乐和马瑟兰葡萄果实最佳采收期的确定
胡锦霞 , 毛娟 , 李彦彪 , 马维峰 , 马宗桓
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (05) : 103 -117.
河西走廊武威产区美乐和马瑟兰葡萄果实最佳采收期的确定
Determination of the optimal harvest time of Merlot and Marselan in Wuwei Region of Hexi Corridor
目的 明确河西走廊武威产区美乐和马瑟兰葡萄的最适采收期,为葡萄适时采收提供理论依据。 方法 以美乐和马瑟兰葡萄为试验材料,分别在T1(9月19日)、T2(9月23日)、T3(9月27日)、T4(10月1日)、T5(10月5日)5个时期进行采收,并测定各时期果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、总酚、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、苹果酸等15项品质指标和果实香气成分,结合主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)进行综合评价。 结果 从T1到T5时期,两种葡萄果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚以及单宁含量总体呈先增大后减小的趋势,可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均表现为逐渐增大,果糖与葡萄糖含量比值渐趋于1,酒石酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、草酸和抗坏血酸含量逐渐减小。对果实香气成分的测定发现:2个葡萄品种分别检测出38和45种香气成分,主要以醛类物质为主,在T4时期香气成分总含量均最高。果实15项品质指标主成分分析均提取出3个主成分,T4时期综合得分最高。5个时期中,两种葡萄香气成分所含种类、相对含量均有差异,主成分分析表明美乐葡萄T4时期综合得分最高,马瑟兰葡萄T5时期综合得分最高。 结论 河西走廊武威产区美乐葡萄的最佳采收期为10月1日,马瑟兰葡萄的最佳采收期为10月5日。
Objective The study aimed to clarify the optimal harvesting period of Merlot and Marselan grapes in Wuwei of Hexi Corridor, providing theoretical basis for timely harvest of the grapes. Method Merlot and Marselan were employed as the materials, and the grapes were harvested in T1 (September 19),T2(September 23),T3(September 27),T4(October 1st) ) and T5(October 5th),respectively,followed by determining 15 quality indicators of the fruits,i.e.,fruit soluble sugar, dripping acid,sugar acid ratio,total phenol,glucose,fructose,sucrose,oxalic acid,quinine acid,and ingotic acid,and by comprehensive evaluation through the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Result From T1 to T5,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,total phenols and tannins of the two grape fruits generally increased first and then decreased.The ratio of glucose content gradually became 1,and the content of tartaric acid, malic acid, quinic acid, oxalic acid and ascorbic acid gradually decreased.The determination of fruit aroma components showed that 38 and 45 aroma components were detected in the two grape varieties, mainly aldehydes,and the total content of aroma components was the highest in T4 period. Principal component analysis of 15 fruit quality indicators extracted 3 principal components, and the T4 period had the highest comprehensive score.In the five periods, the types and relative contents of aroma components of the two grapes were different.The principal component analysis showed that the T4 period of the Merlot grape had the highest comprehensive score; the T5 period of the Marselan grape had the highest comprehensive score. Conclusion The optimal harvest time is October 1st for Merlot grapes, and is October 5th for Marselan grapes in Wuwei production area of Hexi Corridor.
酿酒葡萄 / 采收期 / 果实品质 / 香气物质 / 主成分分析 / 聚类分析
wine grape / harvest time / fruit quality / aroma components / principal component analysis / cluster analysis
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甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019B-079)
甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才培育计划”(Gaufx-03J02)
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