具有苹果枝条降解及生防能力真菌的筛选与鉴定
杜文彪 , 刘尚巧 , 冒霞 , 朵虎 , 赵丹 , 王超 , 左存武
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (05) : 118 -125.
具有苹果枝条降解及生防能力真菌的筛选与鉴定
Screening and identification of four fungi with ability of apple branch degradation and biocontrol
目的 筛选具有苹果废弃枝条纤维素降解及生防能力的真菌菌株,为果园废弃枝条的资源化利用奠定基础。 方法 以羧甲基刚果红培养基初筛、粉碎枝条为菌源复筛、纤维素酶活性测定、枝条发酵培养和离体对峙试验,从废弃枯枝样品中筛选具有苹果枝条降解能力和腐烂病生防能力的真菌菌株;结合形态特征和基因序列的同源性分析鉴定,明确菌株的分类地位。 结果 筛选出4株具有产纤维素酶的真菌菌株,分别命名为MM1、MX-1、MX-2和Z-2-1。MX-2的滤纸酶活性高达(12.96±0.02) U/mL,MM1、Z-2-1、MX-1的滤纸酶活性分别为(10.08±0.01)、(10.47±0.18)、(6.16±0.15)U/mL;MX-2枝条纤维素降解率高达(21.27±0.56)%,Z-2-1和MM1的枝条纤维素降解率分别为(14.65±0.35)% 和(12.73±0.91)%,MX-1最低。对峙试验表明,Z-2-1可与腐烂病菌形成抑菌带。经鉴定,MM1、MX-1、MX-2和Z-2-1分别为深绿木霉、雅致放射毛霉、黑曲霉和穗状弯孢菌。 结论 获得的4株真菌均对苹果废弃枝条具有降解作用,其中MX-2的降解效果最好,Z-2-1对苹果腐烂病具有一定的拮抗能力,有望被应用在废弃苹果枝条纤维素降解的生产活动中。
Objective To screen fungal strains with cellulose degradation and biocontrol capability of apple waste branches, and lay a foundation for the resource utilization of apple waste branches. Method The carboxymethyl Congo red medium was used for primary screening, crushed branches are used as nutrient sources for re-screening of strains, then the cellulase activity, branch fermentation and in vitro confrontation test were carried out.Fungal strains were screened from abandoned dead branch samples, these fungal strains have the ability of apple branch degradation and biocontrol capability of apple Valsa canker. They were identified by morphological characteristics and homology analysis of gene sequences, which made the taxonomic status of the strain clear. Result Four fungal strains with cellulase production were obtained by screening,and they were named MM1, MX-1,MX-2 and Z-2-1,respectively.The filter paper enzyme activity of MX-2 strain was as high as (12.96±0.02) U/mL,and filter paper enzyme activities of MM1,Z-2-1,and MX-1 strains were 10.08±0.01,10.47±0.18 and (6.16±0.15) U/mL,respectively. The branch cellulose degradation rate of MX-2 strain was (21.27±0.56)%,Z-2-1 and MM1 were (14.65±0.35)% and (12.73±0.91)%, respectively. And MX-1 was the lowest.The results of confrontation test showed that Z-2-1 strain could form an inhibitory zone with the Valsa mali.Then MM1, MX-1, MX-2 and Z-2-1 were identified as Trichoderma atroviride,Actinomucor elegans,Aspergillus niger and Curvularia spicifera,respectively. Conclusion The obtained four fungi have the degradation capable of apple waste branches.Among them,MX-2 strain has the best degradation effect,and Z-2-1 has antagonistic effect with the Valsa mali.These strains are expected to be used in the production of cellulose degradation of discarded apple branches.
纤维素降解 / 菌株筛选 / 滤纸酶 / 分子鉴定 / 生物防治
cellulose degradation / strain screening / filter paper enzyme / molecular identification / biological control
酶活力=(U/mL)
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甘肃省普通高等学校产业支撑引导项目(2019C-11)
国家自然科学基金项目(31860545)
甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA006)
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