保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区春小麦养分及干物质积累的影响
张霞霞 , 闫丽娟 , 李广 , 刘兴宇 , 张娟
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (06) : 52 -60.
保护性耕作对黄土高原半干旱区春小麦养分及干物质积累的影响
Effects of conservation tillage on nutrient and dry matter accumulation of spring wheat in semi-arid area
目的 为探究黄土高原半干旱区保护性耕作对春小麦营养器官及产量的影响。 方法 在甘肃省定西市安定区安家坡村设置了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种耕作措施处理,研究了春小麦不同生育期根、茎、叶中OC、TN、TP 含量及化学计量特征、干物质积累、分配和产量的影响。 结果 免耕+秸秆覆盖处理下的春小麦根、茎、叶中OC、TN含量分别有不同程度的提高,而TP含量基本趋于稳定状态,N∶P和C∶P均高于其他处理,C∶N较小。免耕处理下花后干物质积累对籽粒的贡献率与耕作处理下相比提高了32.44%,秸秆覆盖处理下的花后干物质积累量和对籽粒的贡献率与不覆盖相比提高了38.34%。NTS处理下促进了花后干物质积累和转运,显著增加了穗数、千粒质量,产量比T、NT、TS处理分别提高了24.79%、14.95%、10.26%。 结论 黄土高原半干旱区更加适合免耕+秸秆覆盖的耕作措施来提高春小麦的产量。
Objective To investigate the effects of conservation tillage on vegetative organs and yield of spring wheat in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau. Method Using the method of combined field and laboratory experiment,an experiment was conducted in Anjiapo Village,Anding District,Dingxi City,Gansu Province.The stoichiometric characteristics of roots,stems,leaves,medium OC,TN,TP,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield of spring wheat under different tillage treatments (traditional tillage (T),no-tillage (NT),traditional tillage + straw mulch (TS),and no-tillage + straw mulch (NTS)) at different growth stages were analyzed. Result The contents of root,stem,leaf,medium OC and TN of spring wheat under no-tillage + straw mulch increased to different degrees,while the contents of TP tended to be stable,N∶P and C∶P were higher than those under other treatments,and C∶N was lower;the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain under no-tillage treatment increased by 32.The contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain under the no-tillage treatment increased by 32.44% compared with that under the ploughing treatment,and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain under the straw mulch treatment increased by 38.34% compared with that under the no-mulch treatment;NTS treatment promoted post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transport,significantly increased the number of panicles and 1 000 grain weight,and increased yield by 24.79%,14.95% and 10.26% compared with T,NT and TS,respectively. Conclusion No-tillage and straw mulch tillage are more suitable for improving the yield of spring wheat in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.
保护性耕作 / 春小麦 / 化学计量特征 / 干物质积累 / 产量
conservation tillage / spring wheat / stoichiometric characteristics / dry matter accumulation / yield
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甘肃省重点研究发展计划项目(20YF8NA135)
甘肃省重点人才项目(LRYCZ-2020-1)
甘肃省财政专项(GSCZZ 20160909)
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