不同移栽苗龄对基质栽培黄瓜生长和产量的影响
朱文 , 金宁 , 李兆壮 , 任建鹏 , 姚宏鑫 , 王佳莹 , 车旭升 , 郁继华 , 吕剑
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (06) : 79 -87.
不同移栽苗龄对基质栽培黄瓜生长和产量的影响
Effect of the age of transplanted seedlings on growth and yield of cucumber under substrate culture
目的 探究不同移栽苗龄对基质栽培黄瓜生长生理以及产量的影响,以期筛选出基质栽培条件下黄瓜幼苗适宜的移栽苗龄。 方法 以新春四号黄瓜为试材,共设T1(四叶一心)、T2(三叶一心)、T3(二叶一心)和T4(一叶一心)4个苗龄处理,研究移栽不同苗龄黄瓜幼苗对植株株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶绿素含量、光合参数、荧光参数以及产量等指标的影响。 结果 T3处理黄瓜植株株高显著高于其他3个处理。T3处理根体积最大,相较于T1、T2处理,显著提高了75.86%和36.00%。根系活力以T4处理最大。T3处理的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著高于其他3个处理,相较于T1、T2、T4,分别提高了24.34%、14.23%、6.04%和60.73%、21.45%和14.59%;蒸腾速率也以T3处理最大,较T1、T2显著增加了71.16%、20.27%;胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)低于其他3个处理。T4处理的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)最大,T3处理次之,T3较T1、T2处理分别显著增加了1.29%、0.84%;实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)以T3最大,T4次之,且T3和T4显著高于T1和T2处理;T3处理的光化学淬灭系数(qP)较T1、T2、T4处理增幅分别为2.95%、1.40%、0.84%;非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则以T3处理最小。在干物质量方面,T3处理的叶干质量显著高于其他3个处理,T3处理的果实干质量最大,相较于T1、T2、T4处理分别增加了71.43%、30.78%和15.07%。在产量方面,T3处理的单果质量,单株果数和单位面积产量(667 m2)都显著高于其他3个处理。T3处理的产量较T1、T2、T4处理分别增加了49.11%、37.17%和6.08%。 结论 基质栽培条件下,黄瓜二叶一心时移栽,其植株生长状况、光合荧光特性及产量均优于其他处理,可作为黄瓜最适移栽苗龄。
Objective The study was conducted to clarify the effect of the different ages of transplanted cucumber seedlings on their growth physiology and yield in substrate cultivation,screening out the suitable age for cucumber seedling transplanting under substrate cultivation conditions. Method Cucumber (cv.Xinchun No.4) was employed as the experimental materials.Four treatments of seedling ages were set,i.e.,T1 (four-leaf growth stage),T2 (three-leaf growth stage),T3 (two-leaf growth stage) and T4 (one-leaf growth stage).The plant height,stem diameter,root activity,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and yield of the cucumbers transplanted at different seedling ages were measured. Result The plant height of cucumber in T3 treatment was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments.The plants of T3 had the largest root volume,which was significantly increased by 75.86% and 36.00% compared with T1 and T2.Root vitality was the largest in T4 treatment.The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of the other three treatments.Compared with T1,T2,and T4,the Pn was increased by 24.34%,14.23%,6.04%,and the Gs was increased by 60.73%,21.45% and 14.59%,respectively.The transpiration rate was also the highest in T3 treatment,which was significantly increased by 71.16% and 20.27% compared with T1 and T2,while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) in T3 was the lowest among the four treatments.The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was the largest in T4,followed by T3 treatment.Compared with T1 and T2 treatments,the Fv/Fm for T3 was significantly increased by 1.29% and 0.84%,respectively.The actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) was the largest in T3,followed by T4,and both T3 and T4 were significantly higher than T1 and T2 treatments.Compared with T1,T2 and T4,the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of T3 was increased by 2.95%,1.40% and 0.84%,respectively.The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the smallest in T3 treatment.In terms of dry matter,the leaf dry weight of T3 was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments.The fruit dry weight of T3 was also the largest,which increased by 71.43%,30.78% and 15.07%,respectively,relative to T1,T2,and T4 treatments.In terms of yield,both the fruit weight per plant and the yield per mu for T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments.Compared with T1,T2,and T4,the yield of T3 increased by 49.11%,37.17%,and 6.08%,respectively. Conclusion Under the condition of substrate culture,the growth status,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and the yield of the cucumber plants were better when transplanted at the two-leaf stage than other treatments,which therefore could be the optimum stage of cucumber seedlings transplanting.
cucumber / seedling age / substrate cultivation / growth / yield
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甘肃省教育厅“双一流”科研重点项目(GSSYLXM-02)
甘肃省民生科技专项项目(20CX9NA099)
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国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-23-C-07)
甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才培育基金项目(GAUfx-04Y03)
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