施用沼液对黄土高原雨养农业区苹果园土壤生态及果实品质的影响
杨继昌 , 张德 , 王双成 , 张仲兴 , 马乃膺 , 王延秀
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (06) : 105 -113.
施用沼液对黄土高原雨养农业区苹果园土壤生态及果实品质的影响
Effects of biogas slurry application on soil ecology and fruit quality of apple orchards in rain-fed agricultural region on Loess Plateau
目的 探究连续施用沼液对黄土高原雨养农业区苹果园土壤生态改良的作用及对果实品质的影响。 方法 对庄浪县10年生‘惠民短枝富士’园连续施用3 a沼液(T)、以不施沼液为对照(CK),测定不同土层0~20 cm(S1)、20~40 cm(S2)、40~60 cm(S3)的土壤养分状况和苹果果实品质相关指标。 结果 与CK相比,施沼液后各土层土壤全氮含量、有机质含量、土壤孔隙度、土壤蔗糖酶活性、土壤脲酶活性均显著提高,相较于CK,S1、S2、S3土壤全氮含量分别提高16.02%、51.05%、114.16%;土壤有机质含量分别提高69.23%、54.21%、23.76%;土壤孔隙度分别提高7.06%、4.23%、2.67%;土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高104.45%、533.67%、322.67%;土壤脲酶活性分别提高16.77%、31.05%、250.03%。施沼液后各土层土壤全磷、速效钾含量、pH、电导率、容重均显著降低,相较于CK,S1、S2、S3土壤全磷分别降低7.50%、18.44%、28.17%;土壤速效钾分别降低22.73%、43.97%、47.29%;土壤pH分别降低1.43%、1.58%、0.77%;土壤电导率分别降低7.51%、15.43%、23.63%;土壤容重分别降低6.27%、4.12%、2.18%;此外,施沼液显著提高S3土壤磷酸酶的活性,显著降低S1和S2土壤磷酸酶的活性。S3土壤碱性磷酸酶的活性提高74.23%;S1和S2土壤碱性磷酸酶的活性分别降低40.79%、12.61%。另一方面,沼液处理后单果质量(281.28 g)、果实横径(86.00 mm)、果实平均硬度(7.36 kg/cm2)、果实可溶性固形物含量(15.67)和果实固酸比(6.95)较CK分别提高7.96%、4.05%、7.99%、9.69%、0.59%。 结论 综上所述,在黄土高原雨养农业区苹果园连续增施沼液可显著提高土壤肥力、改善土壤理化性状,调节土壤酶活性、提高果树对土壤养分的利用效率,增强果树对干旱环境的适应性,进而提高苹果单果产量、改善果实品质。
Objective In order to explore the effect of continuous application of biogas slurry on soil ecological improvement and fruit quality of apple orchards in rain-fed agricultural areas on the Loess Plateau. Method After applying biogas slurry (T) continuously for three years in 10-year-old ‘Huimin short-branch Fuji’ garden in Zhuanglang County and taking no biogas slurry as control (CK).the soil nutrient status and related indexes of apple fruit quality in different soil layers of 0~20 cm (S1),20~40 cm (S2) and 40~60 cm (S3) were determined. Result Compared with CK.soil total nitrogen content.organic matter content.soil porosity.soil sucrase activity and soil urease activity were significantly increased after biogas slurry application.Compared with CK.soil total nitrogen content in S1.S2 and S3 increased by 16.02%,51.05% and 114.16%.respectively;Soil organic matter content increased by 69.23%,54.21% and 23.76%.respectively.Soil porosity increased by 7.06%,4.23% and 2.67%.respectively.Soil sucrase activity increased by 104.45%,533.67% and 322.67%.respectively.Soil urease activity increased by 16.77%,31.05% and 250.03%.respectively.After biogas slurry application.the contents of total phosphorus.available potassium.pH.electrical conductivity and bulk density of soil decreased significantly.compared with CK.total P in S1.S2 and S3 decreased by 7.50%,18.44% and 28.17%.respectively.Soil available k decreased by 22.73%,43.97% and 47.29%.respectively.Soil pH decreased by 1.43%,1.58% and 0.77%.respectively.The soil conductivity decreased by 7.51%,15.43% and 23.63%.respectively.Soil bulk density decreased by 6.27%,4.12% and 2.18%.respectively.In addition,biogas slurry application significantly increased the activity of soil phosphatase in S3.and significantly decreased the activity of soil phosphatase in S1 and S2.Alkaline phosphatase activity in S3 soil increased by 74.23%.The activity of alkaline phosphatase in S1 and S2 decreased 40.79% and 12.61%.respectively.On the other hand.after biogas slurry treatment.single fruit weight (281.28 g).cross diameter (86.00 mm).average fruit hardness (7.36 kg/cm2).fruit soluble solid content (15.67) and fruit solid to acid ratio (6.95) increased by 7.96%,4.05%,7.99%.9.69% and 0.59% compared with CK.respectively. Conclusion Continuous application of biogas slurry to apple orchards in rain-fed agricultural area of Loess Plateau could significantly improve soil fertility.soil physical and chemical properties.regulate soil enzyme activities.to improve the utilization efficiency of fruit trees to soil nutrients.enhance the adaptability of fruit trees to drought environment.thus increasing apple single fruit yield and improving fruit quality.
沼液 / 雨养农业区 / 土壤养分 / 果实品质 / 土壤酶活性
biogas slurry / rain-fed agricultural areas / soil nutrients / fruit quality / soil enzyme activity
| [1] |
徐吉花,赵政阳,王雷存, |
| [2] |
刘贤赵,宋孝玉.陕西渭北旱塬苹果种植分区土壤水分特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2004(3):320-326. |
| [3] |
黄明斌,杨新民,李玉山.黄土区渭北旱塬苹果基地对区域水循环的影响[J].地理学报,2001,56(1):7-13. |
| [4] |
刘贤赵,衣华鹏,李世泰.渭北旱塬苹果种植分区土壤水分特征[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2055-2060. |
| [5] |
马明臻.干旱胁迫下外源甜菜碱对苹果叶片光合及相关特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(5):113-116+120. |
| [6] |
张久东,包兴国,王文丽, |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
张昌爱,张玉凤,林海涛, |
| [9] |
倪亮,孙广辉,罗光恩, |
| [10] |
王静童,王勇,殷金忠, |
| [11] |
张无敌,尹芳,徐锐, |
| [12] |
冯伟,管涛,王晓宇, |
| [13] |
陈年来,毛昊昊,陈思瑾, |
| [14] |
郑健,颜斐,马彪, |
| [15] |
高刘,余雪标,李然, |
| [16] |
孟清波,田佳,李青云, |
| [17] |
陈建伟,贾亮亮,赵京奇, |
| [18] |
芮麟,杨钰莹,芮体江, |
| [19] |
朱代强.生物有机肥部分替代化肥对蒜苗生长生理、养分吸收、产量及品质的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018. |
| [20] |
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000. |
| [21] |
袁巧霞,朱端卫,武雅娟.温度、水分和施氮量对温室土壤pH及电导率的耦合作用[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1112-1117. |
| [22] |
程东娟.土壤物理实验指导[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012. |
| [23] |
徐皓,刘水英.湿法消解-原子吸收光谱法测定紫山药中矿质元素[J].食品科学,2015,36(16):192-196. |
| [24] |
丰骁,段建平,蒲小鹏, |
| [25] |
李莹飞,耿玉清,周红娟, |
| [26] |
杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波, |
| [27] |
中华人民共和国农业部. 苹果品质指标评价规范 NY/T 2316-2013 [S].2013. |
| [28] |
冯娟,任小林,田建文, |
| [29] |
王瑞庆,马书尚,张继澍.淀粉-碘染色法确定苹果成熟度[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(9):81-86. |
| [30] |
陈洪松,王克林,邵明安.黄土区人工林草植被深层土壤干燥化研究进展[J].林业科学,2005(4):155-161. |
| [31] |
石吕,刘建,魏亚凤, |
| [32] |
张岳.沼气及其发酵物在生态农业中的综合利用[J].农业环境保护,1998(2):47-48. |
| [33] |
王卫平,朱凤香,陈晓, |
| [34] |
冯海萍,程彦弟.生物有机肥配施化肥对宁南山区露地娃娃菜生长及土壤养分的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2020,33(12):66-70. |
| [35] |
罗伟,张智慧,伍钧, |
| [36] |
肖洋,田里,路运才, |
| [37] |
吕桂军.盐碱土壤中根系分区交替灌溉条件下水盐运动研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006. |
| [38] |
张无敌,尹芳,李建昌, |
| [39] |
余薇薇,闻昌智,陈垚, |
| [40] |
唐琨,朱伟文,周文新, |
| [41] |
刘莉萍,刘兆普,隆小华.2种盐土改良剂对苏北滨海盐碱土壤盐分及植物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):127-131. |
| [42] |
李丙智,王桂芳,秦晓飞, |
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
靳亚忠,熊亚男,孙雪, |
| [45] |
周礼恺,张志明.土壤酶活性的测定方法[J].土壤通报,1980(5):37-38. |
| [46] |
王桂芳,李丙智,张林森, |
| [47] |
张艾明,刘云超,李晓兰, |
| [48] |
胡霭堂.植物营养学[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003. |
| [49] |
Saha S,Mina B L,Gopinath K A,et al.Relative changes in phosphatase activities as influenced by source and application rate of organic composts in field crops[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(6):1750-1757. |
| [50] |
耿晨光,段婧婧,李汛,沼液的园林地消解处理利用及其对土壤微生物碳、氮与酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):1965-1971. |
| [51] |
彭福田,姜远茂,顾曼如,落叶果树氮素营养研究进展[J].果树学报,2003(1):54-58. |
| [52] |
王文博,陈长青,仇忠启,不同沼液施灌量对水稻生长及土壤氮磷平衡的影响[J].作物杂志,2014(3):85-91. |
| [53] |
甲卡拉铁,李桂珍,尧美英,攀西杧果园土壤pH值与有效养分的相关性研究[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(4):8-12. |
| [54] |
Bradleigh H,Tyerman S D,Burton R A,et al.Fruit calcium: transport and physiology[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:569. |
甘肃省重大专项计划项目(18ZD2NA006-5)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |