几种农业废弃物还田对烟草根结线虫病的防治效果
陈红华 , 李富强 , 向必坤 , 施河丽 , 左梅 , 彭五星 , 谭军
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (01) : 114 -121.
几种农业废弃物还田对烟草根结线虫病的防治效果
Efficacy of several agricultural wastes returned to the field to control root-knot nematodes in tobacco
目的 为筛选出防治根结线虫病的有效农业废弃有机物。 方法 选择湖北宣恩烟区根结线虫病发生严重的烟田,以施化学肥料作CK(对照),选用稻壳、烟草秸秆、稻壳+谷糠、烟草秸秆生物有机肥、茶枯等5组不同农业废弃物还田(15 000 kg/hm2)为处理,对根结线虫病防治效果及其土壤酶活性、根系微生物群落的影响进行了研究。 结果 与对照相比,农业废弃物还田后烟株发病率和病情指数均不同程度降低,下降幅度在15.38%~76.91%和70.83%~93.78%,其中处理T1(稻壳)和处理T3(稻壳∶谷糠=1∶1)的病情指数显著低于对照(P<0.05)。土壤保肥能力增强,有机质含量和碱解氮均呈现不同程度的增加。土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性显著增加,较对照分别提高了16.65%~73.38%、5.89%~105.88%;磷酸酶活性也有增加的趋势,处理T5(茶枯)增加幅度达25%。改变了土壤微生物群落结构和丰度,处理T4(烟草秸秆生物有机肥)微生物门类最丰富,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在处理T3(稻壳∶谷糠=1∶1)、T2(烟草秸秆)中相对丰度较高;微生物群类LEFSE差异性分析结果表明,处理T1(稻壳)中特异微生物群类是根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)。 结论 说明5种农业废弃物还田均能降低根结线虫病的发生程度,使土壤保肥能力增强,较好的改善土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构,其中处理T1(稻壳)15 000 kg/hm2还田防治效果最好。
Objective To screen for agricultural waste that could effectively control root-knot nematode. Method Chemical fertilizers were used as a control, and the effects of five different agricultural wastes such as rice husk, tobacco straw,rice husk and chaff, tobacco straw organic fertilizer and tea cake (15 000 kg/hm2) on root-knot nematode disease, soil enzyme activity and root microbial community were investigated in the tobacco field with severe root-knot nematode disease in Xuan'en,Hubei. Result Tobacco plant incidence and disease index were reduced after the return of agricultural wastes, and the decline rates were 15.38%~76.91% and 70.83%~93.78%,respectively, the disease index of which treatment T1 (rice husk) and T3 (rice husk and chaff) were significantly lower than that of CK 93.77% and 89.57%. The soil fertility retention capacity was improved that the content of organic matter and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen were increased to different degrees. The soil invertase activity and urease activity increased significantly, which were 16.65%~73.38% and 5.89%~105.88% higher than that of the control; the phosphatase activity also had an increasing trend, and the increase rate of treatment T5 (tea cake) was up to 25%. The soil microbial community structure and composition were changed that the T4 (tobacco straw bioorganic fertilizer) treatment had the most abundant microbial phylum, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria were higher in the T3 (rice husk and chaff) and T2 (tobacco straw) treatments; the results of the difference analysis of the microbial group LEFSE showed that the specific microbial group in the T1 (rice husk) treatment was Rhizobiaceae. Conclusion The occurrence of root-knot nematode disease can be reduced,and soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure can be better improved by recycling the five kinds of agricultural wastes, and the treatment of T1 (rice husk) is the best of all.
农业废弃物 / 还田 / 根结线虫病 / 防治效果 / 酶活性 / 微生物群落
agricultural waste / returning / root-knot nematode disease / effect / enzyme activity / microbial community
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湖北省局重点项目“烟草根结线虫发生的土壤障碍因子分析及防控技术研究”(027Y2018-001)
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