北京油鸡产蛋期生产性能、鸡蛋品质和组成的变化规律
郭贝贝 , 郭江鹏 , 王梁 , 唐德富 , 武书庚
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (03) : 33 -41.
北京油鸡产蛋期生产性能、鸡蛋品质和组成的变化规律
Variation in production performance,egg quality and composition of Beijing-You hens during the laying period
目的 研究北京油鸡产蛋期生产性能、鸡蛋品质和组成的变化规律。 方法 选取240只27周龄体质量相近的健康北京油鸡,跟踪试鸡27~51周龄期间生长性能和鸡蛋品质。 结果 北京油鸡产蛋率随周龄的增加而降低,总下降幅度41.24%,与周龄呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);平均蛋质量、平均日采食量及料蛋比随周龄的增加而增长,与周龄呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);体质量和胫长也随周龄增加而增加且与周龄呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。破蛋率、蛋形指数、蛋质量随产蛋周龄的增加而增加,蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色及哈氏单位随周龄的增加呈现下降的趋势;蛋黄质量和蛋黄比率、蛋清质量和蛋清比率、蛋壳质量随周龄的增加而增长,蛋壳比率有下降的趋势;相关性分析表明,破蛋率和蛋壳质量与周龄呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与舍内温度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比率与周龄呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与舍内温度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。 结论 在27~51周龄间,随产蛋周龄的增加北京油鸡除产蛋率降低外,其他生产性能指标均呈现上升的趋势,且与周龄呈现出极显著的相关性;蛋壳和蛋清品质随周龄增加而降低;随周龄增加,蛋质量的增大主要由蛋壳和蛋黄质量引起的,但蛋黄比率不断上升,而蛋壳比随增龄而下降。
Objective To study the law of variation of production performance,egg quality and composition of Beijing-You hens during the laying period. Method A total of 240 healthy Beijing-You hens with similar body weights at 27 weeks of age were selected to follow the growth performance and egg quality of the test hens from 27 to 51 weeks of age. Result The egg laying rate of Beijing-You hens decreased with increasing week age,and the total decrease rate was 41.24%,which was significantly negatively correlated with the week age (P<0.01);the average egg weight,average daily feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio increased with increasing age,and were positively correlated with the age (P<0.01),but the reverse case for body weight and tibia length(P<0.01).From 27 to 51 weeks of age,egg breaking rate,egg shape index and egg weight increased with increasing laying weeks,but eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,egg yolk color and haugh unit devrease with increasing of week age.The egg yolk weight and egg yolk ratio,egg white weight and egg white ratio,egg shell weight increase with increasing week age,and egg shell ratio has a downward trend.Through correlation analysis,it is shown that the broken egg rate and egg shell weight are related to week age.There was a very significant positive correlation with age(P<0.01),and a very significant negative correlation with house temperature (P<0.01);shell strength,shell thickness and shell ratio were significantly negatively correlated with week age (P<0.01),which was significantly positively correlated with house temperature (P<0.01). Conclusion Between 27 and 51 weeks of age,all production performance indicators of Beijing-You hens showed an increasing trend with the increase of egg-laying weeks,except for the decrease of egg production rate,and showed a highly significant correlation with the weeks of age,Egg shells and the quality of egg white decreased with the increase of weeks of age;with the increase of weeks of age,the increase of egg quality was mainly caused by egg shell and egg yolk quality,but the egg yolk ratio kept increasing,while the egg shell ratio decreased with the increase of age.
Beijing-You chickens / production performance / egg quality / egg shell strength
哈氏单位=100×Log(H-1.70W0.37+7.57)
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