不同覆膜栽培方式下施氮量对春玉米干物质积累及产量形成的影响
The effects of dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring maize under different film mulching cultivation and nitrogen application rate
目的 为研究不同栽培方式和施氮量对春玉米干物质积累及产量形成的影响, 方法 设2种栽培方式(全膜双垄沟播R、全膜平作T)和3个氮肥梯度(N1 225 kg/hm2、N2 275 kg/hm2、N3 325 kg/hm2),通过田间试验,研究了不同栽培方式下施氮量对春玉米干物质积累、转运特征及籽粒产量的影响。 结果 R栽培方式增加了玉米干物质积累,提高了茎鞘和叶片干物质转运量,转运率以及对籽粒的贡献率,最终提高籽粒产量。R较T籽粒产量平均高出3.93%(2019)和3.93%(2020)。玉米干物质积累,茎鞘和叶片干物质转运量,转运率以及对籽粒的贡献率随施氮量的增加而升高,N 325较N 225分别显著高出27.20%(2019)和26.83%(2020)。RN 325处理玉米穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量最高,2019年11.20 t/hm2,2020年11.21 t/hm2。 结论 R栽培方式结合施氮325 kg/hm2可作为陇东旱塬区春玉米适宜栽培方式。
Objective The effects of different cultivation and N application on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring maize was studied.. Method The effects of N application on dry matter accumulation,transport characteristics and grain yield of spring maize under different cultivation modes were investigated in a field experiment with two mulching modes (Ridge-furrow with fuly plastic film mulching R and Flat planting with fully plastic film mulching T) and three N application rates (N1 225 kg/hm2,N2 275 kg/hm2,N3 325 kg/hm2). Result R cultivation mode increased the dry matter accumulation of maize,improved stem sheath and leaf dry matter translocation,translocation rate and contribution to grain,and ultimately increased the grain yield of maize.The average grain yield of R increased by 3.93% (2019) and 3.93% (2020) compared with T.The dry matter accumulation,stem sheath and leaf dry matter translocation,translocation rate and contribution to grain increased with the increasing of N application,and N325 was significantly higher than N225 by 27.20% (2019) and 26.83% (2020),respectively.The RN325 treatment had the highest spike numbers,grains per spike and grain yield of maize,the grain yield was 11.20 t/hm2 in 2019 and 11.21 t/hm2 in 2020. Conclusion The R cultivation mode combined with N application of 325 kg/hm2 can be considered as a suitable cultivation method for spring maize on the drought area of the eastern Gansu Province.
cultivation pattern / nitrogen application / spring maize / dry matter / grain yield
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