磷肥和硅肥配施对旱地胡麻光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of the combined application of phosphorus and silicon fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oil flax in dryland
目的 为明确磷硅养分耦合对胡麻生长的调控效应。 方法 通过裂区试验设计,研究了磷肥[不施磷(P0)、P2O5 75 kg/hm2(P1)、P2O5 150 kg/hm2(P2)]和硅肥[不施硅(Si0)、SiO2 75 kg/hm2(Si1)、SiO2 150 kg/hm2(Si2)]用量对胡麻光合特性及产量的影响。 结果 与P0和Si0相比,磷肥和硅肥施用均显著增加了胡麻叶面积、光合势、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和籽粒产量,施磷后分别增加了9.06%~43.68%、8.07%~28.25%、6.21%~18.06%、93.59%~150.77%和5.58%~12.01%,施硅后分别增加了7.14%~23.70%、4.82%~17.96%、5.09%~27.91%、67.55%~101.10%和4.01%~5.35%;磷肥对净光合速率及籽粒产量的提升作用均随用量的增加而增加;而硅肥对叶绿素a、光合势和净光合速率的提升随用量的增加而降低,2种硅肥用量下的产量无显著差异。磷硅养分耦合对胡麻光合特性的影响均未达到差异显著水平,但磷硅互作对胡麻籽粒产量的影响显著,P2Si1处理下的籽粒产量最高,较P2Si2之外的其他处理显著提高了7.25%~20.34%;P1Si1的产量与P1Si2和P2Si2无显著差异,较对照提高了12.20%。 结论 与试区同等的土壤供磷条件下(18 mg/kg 左右),单施P2O5 75~150 kg/hm2的磷肥或SiO2 75 kg/hm2的硅肥均可显著改善胡麻的光合性能,提高籽粒产量;上述用量的磷硅肥配施,增产效果显著,籽粒产量提高4.61%~20.34%。
Objective The study was conducted to explore the regulating effect of the coupled application of phosphorus (P) and silicon(Si) on oil flax growth. Method The influence of fertilizer dosage on photosynthetic characteristics and yield was determined by using split plot design,with phosphorus fertilizer [P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (P0),P2O5 75 kg/hm2(P1),P2O5 150 kg /hm2(P2)] as main treatment and silicon fertilizer [SiO2 0 kg/hm2 (Si0),SiO2 75 kg/hm2(Si1),SiO2 150 kg/hm2(Si2)] as split-treatment. Result It was showed that the application of either phosphorus fertilizer or silicon fertilizer all significantly increased leaf area,photosynthetic potential,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and grain yield of oil flax.These indexes for the phosphorus treatments increased by 9.06%~43.68%,8.07%~28.25%,6.21%~18.06%,93.59%~150.77% and 5.58%~12.01% compared with P0,respectively,and for the Si treatments,they increased by 7.14%~23.70%,4.82%~17.96%,5.09%~27.91%,67.55%~101.10% and 4.01%~5.35% compared with Si0,respectively.Both net photosynthetic rate and grain yield increased with phosphorus fertilizer increasing,while the positive effect of silicon on chlorophyll a,photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic rate decreased with fertilizer amount increasing.There was no significant difference in grain yield between two silicon fertilizer treatments.The interactive effect of phosphorus and silicon on photosynthetic characteristics was not significant statistically,while the effect on grain yield was significant.The grain yield of P2Si1 treatment was the highest,which significantly increased by 7.25%~20.34% compared with other treatments except P2Si2.The yield of P1Si1 did not differ significantly with that of P1Si2 and P2Si2,which was however 12.20% higher than the control. Conclusion Under the same conditions of soil phosphorus supply as the experimental area (18 mg/kg or so),either phosphorus fertilizer application (P2O5 75~150 kg/hm2) or silicon fertilizer application (SiO2 75 kg/hm2) alone can improve photosynthetic efficiency of oil flax and grain yield.The combined application of both fertilizers at above-mentioned dosage can increase grain yield by 4.61%~20.34%.
oil flax / phosphorus fertilizer / silicon fertilizer / photosynthetic characteristics / grain yield
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财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-16)
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