灌水和密度对胡麻非结构性碳水化合物积累、分配与转运的影响
杨佳琦 , 剡斌 , 高玉红 , 王一帆 , 徐鹏 , 崔政军 , 李喜强 , 吴兵
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 56 -66.
灌水和密度对胡麻非结构性碳水化合物积累、分配与转运的影响
Effects of irrigation and density on non-structural arbohydrates accumulation,distribution,and transportation in oilseed flax
目的 探明灌水和密度对胡麻非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrate,NSC)积累分配、转运和产量形成的影响。 方法 以陇亚11号为供试材料,设灌水(不灌水W0:0 m3/hm2、灌水Wa:600 m3/hm2)为主处理,密度(低密度:D1,6.0×106 株/hm2、中密度:D2,7.5×106 株/hm2、高密度:D3,9.0×106 株/hm2)为副处理的裂区试验,分析不同处理组合对胡麻NSC(可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖)含量与累积量、器官分配比例、转移效率、贡献率及产量的影响。 结果 不灌水时胡麻植株各器官NSC的含量高于灌水,低密度不利于胡麻各器官NSC的合成,水密互作对胡麻叶NSC含量有显著影响。茎NSC累积量在高密度下达到最大,D3处理比D1、D2处理分别增加了12.65%、28.38%,不灌水处理有利于胡麻叶NSC累积量的增加,W0水平下胡麻叶NSC累积量较Wa水平平均增加了19.07%,水密互作对胡麻花前茎、叶NSC累积量有极显著影响。花后贮藏的NSC对籽粒NSC贡献率大于花前,花后NSC的贡献率为49.20%~68.43%,转移效率为44.20%~53.00%。花前、花后不灌水处理胡麻NSC平均分配比例比灌水处理增加了18.00%、16.69%,花后NSC主要分配在胡麻籽粒中。胡麻花前茎、叶NSC累积量与产量构成因子显著相关,为生育后期产量形成提供了基础保障。水密互作条件下,产量构成因子对籽粒产量的影响主要是通过有效蒴果数来实现,不灌水较灌水处理产量平均上升17.61%,且中密度条件下产量最高,达到1 690 kg/hm2。 结论 在本试验条件下不灌水(0 m3/hm2),中、高密度(7.5×106 ~9×106 株/hm2)处理有利于促进胡麻非结构性碳水化合物的合成转运,为提高胡麻产量奠定了基础。
Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of irrigation and density on the accumulation, distribution, transport, and yield formation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in flax. Method Longya 11 was used as the test material, and a split plot experiment was conducted with irrigation amount (W0: 0 m3/hm2,Wa:600 m3/hm2) and planting density (D1:6×106 plants/hm2,D2:7.5×106 plants/hm2,D3:9×106 plants/hm2) as the main and split-treatment,respectively.The effects of different treatment combinations on the content and accumulation of flax NSC (soluble sugar,starch,sucrose),organ distribution ratio, transfer efficiency, contribution rate,and yield were analyzed. Result The content of NSC in various organs of the flax plant without irrigation was higher than that with irrigation, and low density was not conducive to the synthesis of NSC in various organs of flax.The interaction of irrigation and density had a significant effect on the NSC content of flax leaves.The accumulation of NSC in flax stems reached the maximum at high density, and the D3 treatment increased by 12.65% and 28.38% compared with the D1 and D2 treatments, respectively.The no-irrigation treatment was beneficial to the increase of flax leaf accumulation.The accumulation of flax leaves at the W0 level increased by an average of 19.07% compared with the Wa level.The interaction of irrigation and density had a very significant effect on the accumulation of NSC in the front stem and leaves of flax.The contribution rate of NSC stored after anthesis to grain NSC was greater than that before anthesis, with a contribution rate of NSC after anthesis ranging from 49.20% to 68.43%, and transfer efficiency ranging from 44.20% to 53.00%.The average distribution of NSC in flax without irrigation before and after flowering increased by 18.00% and 16.69% compared with irrigation, and NSC was mainly distributed in grains after flowering.The accumulation of NSC in stems and leaves before anthesis was significantly correlated with yield components, providing a basic foundation for yield formation in the late growth stage.Under the condition of water-tight interaction, the effect of yield component factors on grain yield was mainly realized by the number of effective capsules. The yield of the no-irrigation treatment increased by an average of 17.61% compared with the irrigation treatment,with the highest increase observed at medium density, and the output reached 1 690 kg/hm2. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis showed that medium and high density (7.5×106~9×106 plants/hm2) treatments without irrigation are beneficial for promoting the synthesis and transport of NSC in oilseed flax, which lays a foundation for improving yield production.
oilseed flax / irrigation / density / non-structural carbohydrates / yield
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