西北旱地马铃薯田土壤水分和产量对覆盖材料及不同种植行的响应
卢祚 , 杨成存 , 黄金文 , 韩凡香 , 马建涛 , 柴守玺 , 程宏波 , 黄彩霞 , 常磊
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 77 -86.
西北旱地马铃薯田土壤水分和产量对覆盖材料及不同种植行的响应
Effect of mulching materials and planting rows on soil moisture and yield of dryland potato field in Northwest China
目的 解决西北地区干旱频发,农业水资源短缺造成马铃薯产量低而不稳的问题。 方法 在陇中半干旱区设置大田试验,研究不同覆盖材料(地膜覆盖、秸秆带状覆盖)和秸秆覆盖带宽及种植带行数(覆盖带∶种植带60 cm∶60 cm、60 cm∶90 cm)对马铃薯田土壤水分动态变化和产量的影响。 结果 两个生长季,覆盖均能显著提高马铃薯全生育期0~200 cm土壤含水量。生育时期内,SM1(秸秆覆盖2行)、SM2(秸秆覆盖3行)和PM(地膜覆盖)处理均以块茎膨大期增墒幅度最大。不同土层间,地膜覆盖明显较CK(露地平作)提高0~90 cm土层土壤水分,而秸秆带状覆盖在块茎形成期以前主要提高0~90 cm土层的含水量,在块茎形成期之后以提高90~200 cm的土层含水量为主。与CK相比,SM1、SM2和PM处理均显著提高马铃薯产量16.0%~19.5%、10.0%~11.6%和27.1%~34.0%,水分利用效率提高10.7%~16.4%、10.1%~10.2%和21.4%~24.0%。两个生长季,覆盖显著增加了马铃薯单薯质量16.7%~17.5%,且单薯质量与产量极显著相关(r=0.83 **)。 结论 秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖均是半干旱雨养区良好的保墒增产的栽培技术,在秸秆资源丰富的地区,秸秆带状覆盖2行种植模式(SM1)是更适合当地绿色生产的覆盖种植模式。
Objective The objective of this study was to solve the problem of low and unstable potato yield caused by frequent drought and shortage of agricultural water resources in Northwest China. Method In this study,we conducted a field experiment in the semi-arid area of central Gansu Province to investigate the effects of different mulching materials (plastic film mulching,straw mulching),straw strip mulching bandwidth,and row number of planting zone (mulching zone: planting zone 60 cm∶60 cm,60 cm∶ 90 cm) on soil water dynamics and potato yield. Result Our results show that mulching significantly increased soil water content from 0 to 2 meters during the entire potato growth period in both growing seasons.During the growth period,the SM1 (straw mulching 2 rows),SM2 (straw mulching 3 rows),and PM (plastic film mulching) treatments increased soil moisture the most in the tuber expansion stage.Plastic film mulching significantly increased soil moisture content in the 0~90 cm soil layer compared with the flat-planting without mulching (CK),while straw strip mulching mainly increased soil moisture content in the 0~90 cm soil layer before the tuber formation stage and in the 90~200 cm soil layer after the tuber formation stage.Compared with CK,SM1,SM2,and PM treatments significantly increased potato yield by 16.0%~19.5%,10.0%~11.6%,27.1%~34.0% and water use efficiency by 10.7%~16.4%,10.1%~10.2%,21.4%~24.0%,respectively.In both growing seasons,mulching also significantly increased the single tuber weight by 16.7%~17.5%,and the single tuber weight was significantly correlated with the yield (r=0.83**). Conclusion Our study suggests that straw strip mulching and plastic film mulching are both effective cultivation techniques for preserving soil moisture and increasing potato yield in semi-arid rainfed areas.In areas with abundant straw resources,straw strip mulching with two rows (SM1) is more suitable for local green production.
马铃薯 / 秸秆带状覆盖 / 种植行 / 土壤水分 / 产量
potato / straw strip mulching / planting rows / soil moisture / yield
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国家自然科学基金项目(31960239)
国家自然科学基金项目(31760373)
甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2022CYZC-48)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700)
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