增密对河西灌区春玉米光合特性及产量的影响
王多成 , 肖占文 , 程红玉 , 裴晖平 , 王永健 , 侯梁宇
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 87 -94.
增密对河西灌区春玉米光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of densification on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring maize in Hexi irrigation area
目的 研究增密对河西灌区春玉米光合特性和产量的影响,为合理密植提供理论依据。 方法 以耐密抗倒玉米品种正德305为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置9.0(T1)、10.5(T2)、12.0(T3)和13.5万株/hm2(T4)4个种植密度,分析不同密度对春玉米光合特性、农艺经济性状和产量的影响。 结果 叶面积指数(LAI)在大喇叭口期和吐丝期随种植密度增大而增大,但灌浆期和乳熟期LAI呈先增大后减小的趋势。叶绿素含量随种植密度的增加呈降低趋势,不同密度处理的叶绿素含量在吐丝前随生育期递进逐渐增加,在吐丝期达到最大值后随灌浆逐渐降低。净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随种植密度的增加呈先增高后降低的趋势,以T2处理最大,在吐丝期T2处理Pn达到27.18 μmol/(m2·s),显著高于T1、T3和T4处理。随密度增加,穗长、行粒数、穗粒数、千粒质量和出籽率呈降低趋势,秃尖长呈增加趋势。单株产量随密度增加而显著降低,但单位面积产量随密度呈先增后减的趋势,T2处理产量最高,达19 278.5 kg/hm2,较T1、T4极显著增产22.01%和22.85%(P<0.01);根据模拟方程获得最大理论产量19 254.5 kg/hm2时的种植密度为11.2万株/hm2。 结论 本试验条件下,河西灌区正德305获取经济产量的最佳种植密度为10.5万株/hm2,适宜密度范围为10.5~11.2万株/hm2,在此种植密度下有利于改善植株叶面积,提高光合效率,协调产量构成因素,获得高产。
Objective The study aimed to investigate the the effect of densification on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring maize in Hexi irrigation area,providing a theoretical foundation for optimal dense planting practices. Method The density tolerant and lodging resistant maize variety Zhengde 305 was used as the experimental material.Four planting densities,namely 90 000 (T1),105 000 (T2),120 000(T3),and 135 000 plants/hm2 (T4),were arranged in a randomized block experiment design.The impact of different densities on photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic and economic traits,and maize yield were analyzed. Result The leaf area index (LAI) increased with increasing planting density during the tasseling and silking stages.However,LAI initially increased and then decreased during the grain filling and maturity stages.The chlorophyll content decreased as planting density increased.The chlorophyll content of different density treatments gradually increased during the growth period before silking and declined after reaching the maximum value during silking.The net photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) initially increased and then decreased with increasing planting density.The T2 treatment exhibited the highest values,reaching 27.18 μmol/(m2·s) at the silking stage,significantly higher than those in the T1,T3,and T4 treatments.Ear length,row grain number,ear grain number,thousand-grain weight,and seed yield decreased,while bald tip length increased with increasing density.The yield per plant significantly decreased with increasing density,whereas the yield per unit area initially increased and then decreased with density.The T2 density demonstrated the highest yield,reaching 19 278.5 kg/hm2,which was significantly increased by 22.01% and 22.85% compared to the T1 and T4 treatments,respectively.The simulation equation indicated that the maximum theoretical yield of 19 254.5 kg/hm2 was achieved at a density of 112 000 plants/hm2. Conclusion Based on the study findings,the optimal density for Zhengde 305 in Hexi irrigated area was determined to be 105 000 plants/hm2,with a suitable density range of 105 000~112 000 plants/hm2.This density range promotes enhanced plant leaf area,improved photosynthetic efficiency,coordinated yield components,and high yield attainment.
spring maize / Hexi irrigation area / density / photosynthetic characteristics / yield
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甘肃省科技重点研发计划项目(20YF8NG149)
甘肃省科技重点研发计划项目(20YF8NG065)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR1RG308)
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