气吸式大豆-玉米带状间作播种机的设计与试验
韩丹丹 , 何彬 , 杨文钰 , 徐友 , 吕小荣 , 张黎骅
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 260 -268.
气吸式大豆-玉米带状间作播种机的设计与试验
Design and experiment of an integrated air-suction soybean-corn strip intercropping planter
目的 针对大豆-玉米带状间作种植模式下播种机具少、播种单粒性差、株距不均匀、作业效率和智能化水平偏低等问题,设计研制了大豆-玉米带状间作免耕精量播种机。 方法 该播种机采用分调分控系统设计,其中,玉米、大豆播种单体由独立地轮分别驱动,实现间作模式下玉米、大豆不同株距、播深、镇压力度等的可调可控;采用电驱式排肥系统,由不同电机分别驱动玉米大豆排肥轴转动,实现间作模式下玉米、大豆不同施肥类型和施肥量的需求;为满足小株距密植条件下的播种要求,采用气吸式排种器。 结果 台架试验结果表明,排种器对玉米和大豆的最佳工作速度和工作压力范围均为3~6 km/h和7~8 kPa,此时,玉米合格率为94.6%~96.33%,重播率为0.97%~1.83%,漏播率为1.83%~4.43%;大豆合格率为96.43%~97.47%,重播率为1.27%~1.67%,漏播率为0.87%~2.3%;田间试验结果表明,当播种机工作速度为3~6 km/h时,玉米、大豆出苗后的株距合格率分别为82.89%~85.55%、81.3%~83.8%,保苗率分别为89.59%~93.54%、84.17%~88.73%。 结论 播种机各项性能指标均符合相关标准和实际生产要求。
Objective A no-till precision planter for corn-soybean strip-intercropping was designed and developed in response to the problems of fewer seeders,poor single-crop seeding performance of tillers,uneven plant spacing,low operating efficiency and low intelligence level in soybean-corn strip-intercropping. Method The planter adopts the design of distributed regulation and control system,in which corn and soybean sowing units are driven by independent ground wheels,respectively,to meet the requirement of adjustable and controllable plant spacing,sowing depth,compacting intensity under corn and soybean intercropping mode.The electrically driven fertilizer system is adopted,where different motors are used as the power to apply fertilizer to soybean and maize respectively,to meet the requirements of different types of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer applied in intercropping mode.In order to meet the requirements of sowing under the conditions of small plant spacing and dense planting,the seeder adopts an air-suction seed metering device. Result The results of the bench test show that the best range for the working speed and working pressure of the air-suction seeder for maize and soybean is 3~6 km/h and 7~8 kPa.The qualified rate of maize was 94.6%~96.33%,the over-sowing rate was 0.97%~1.83%,and the missed seeding rate was 1.83%~4.43%.Meanwhile,the qualified rate of soybean was 96.43%~97.47%,the over-sowing rate was 1.27%~1.67%,and the missed-seeding rate was 0.87%~2.3% in the above range.The field test results showed that when the working speed is 3~6 km/h,the qualified planting spacing rates after germination of maize and soybean are 82.89%~85.55% and 81.3%~83.8%,and the survival rate in spring is 89.59%~93.54% and 84.17%~88.73%,respectively. Conclusion All of the seed drill's test indices comply with relevant standards and actual production requirements.
玉米 / 大豆 / 玉豆间作 / 气吸式排种器 / 分调分控系统 / 播种机
corn / soybean / corn-soybean intercropping mode / air-suction seed-metering device / distributed regulating and controlling system / seeder
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