不同间作模式对旱地胡麻干物质积累及产量的影响
张雪 , 王一帆 , 高玉红 , 崔政军 , 王海娣 , 王瑛泽
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (05) : 87 -94.
不同间作模式对旱地胡麻干物质积累及产量的影响
Effects of different intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax in dryland
目的 阐明不同间作模式下胡麻的生长发育变化规律,明确不同间作模式对胡麻干物质积累和分配及产量的影响,为半干旱旱作区的种植业结构调整和胡麻可持续发展提供理论参考。 方法 采用田间随机区组试验设计,以单作胡麻(F)为对照,探讨了胡麻间作玉米、胡麻间作大豆2种间作系统中4∶2、6∶3和8∶4带型对胡麻生长发育特性与产量形成的影响。 结果 6种间作模式均可提高胡麻干物质积累量,其中,8行胡麻与4行玉米(F8间作M4)间作模式在盛花期至成熟期较其他间作模式提高了17.1%~22.7%。胡麻间作玉米(F∶M)系统中,8∶4带型下胡麻成熟期蒴果的干物质分配量较4∶2带型增加26.2%。籽粒产量、蒴果数、果粒数和千粒质量表现为胡麻间作玉米(F∶M)较胡麻间作大豆(F∶S)分别提高了18.4%、27.1%、5.9%和10.3%;且F∶M系统中8∶4带型较4∶2带型分别提高27.6%、22.0%、7.4%和6.7%,较单作分别提高50.1%、58.5%、17.6%和20.5%。互作效应分析表明,间作作物与带型配置对胡麻干物质积累量、各器官的干物质分配量,蒴果数、果粒数、千粒质量及籽粒产量的互作效应均达显著或极显著水平。表明,增加胡麻和玉米间作系统中作物种植行数可提高胡麻干物质积累量,增加蒴果的分配量,进而提高胡麻产量。 结论 8行胡麻与4行玉米间作可作为试区胡麻高产比较适宜的间作模式。
Objective The aim of this study was to reveal the change in growth and development of oilseedflax under different intercropping patterns,and to clarify the effects of different intercropping patterns on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and on the yield of oilseed flax. Method With single cropping oilseed flax (F) as control,The effects of different intercropping belt types (i.e.,4∶2,6∶3 and 8∶4) on the growth and development characteristics and grain yield of oilseed flax were studied in two intercropping systems of oilseedflax∶maize and oilseedflax||soybean by using a randomized group field experiment design. Result All six intercropping patterns could increased dry matter accumulation of oilseed flax,among which the dry matter for intercropping pattern of 8-row oilseed flax with 4-row maize was 17.1%~22.7% higher than other intercropping patterns in anthesis to maturity.In the intercropping system of oilseed flax||maize (F∶M),the dry matter distribution of capsules at maturity stage was 26.2% higher in the 8∶4 belt types than in the 4∶2 belt types.The grain yield,capsule number,fruit grain number,1 000-seed weight of oilseed flax were 18.4%,27.1%,5.9% and 10.3% higher in oilseed flax∶maize (F∶M) than in oilseed flax∶soybean (F∶S),respectively.In the F∶M system,these indicators were 27.6%,22.0%,7.4% and 6.7% higher in the 8∶4 belt types than in the 4∶2 belt types,respectively,and they were increased significantly by 50.1%,58.5%,17.6% and 20.5%,respectively,compared to the single cropping.The analysis of interaction effects showed that the interactive effects of intercropping crops and belt types arrangement were all statistically significant on dry matter accumulation,dry matter distributionin different organs,capsule number,fruit grain number,1 000-seed weight and grain yield of oilseed flax.To sum up,increasing the number of crop rows in intercropping system of oilseedflax and maize could significantly increase dry matter accumulation and its distribution in the capsules of oilseed flax,thereby increasing grain yield of oilseed flax. Conclusion The intercropping pattern of 8-row oilseedflax and 4-row maize could be used as a suitable intercropping pattern for high grain production of oilseed flax in test area.
oilseed flax / intercropping patterns / belt types / dry matter / grain yield
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甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021A-059)
甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16)
甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38)
甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05)
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