2BF-4轻简型玉米精量播种机的设计与试验
韩丹丹 , 黄与霞 , 黄金路 , 徐友 , 张永生 , 张黎骅
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (05) : 236 -245.
2BF-4轻简型玉米精量播种机的设计与试验
Design and testing of the lightweight and simple 2BF-4 maize precision seeder
目的 针对西南丘陵山地玉米精量播种的滞后现状。 方法 设计了一种适用于西南丘陵山地的集施肥开沟播种于一体的4行轻简型玉米精量播种机,该播种机单体上增加压密轮,限制种子在种沟内的弹跳;将仿形机构设计为后置式仿形机构,能有效对大坡度地面进行贴地仿形作业;该播种机采用勺轮式精量排种器,在排种器出口处设计导种机构,改善勺轮式排种器排种均匀性差、作业质量不稳定等问题。 结果 对带导种机构的勺轮式排种器进行离散元仿真,结果表明在不同作业速度条件下,其变异系数均低于20%;对该排种器进行台架试验,并与原排种器工作性能对比,粒距变异系数比原排种器低3%以上,改善效果明显。采用该排种器研制了2BF-4轻简型玉米精量播种机,经田间试验,当播种机作业速度为3~6 km/h时,播种机合格率均高于80%、变异系数均低于30%。 结论 试验表明,该播种机适用于西南丘陵山地玉米精量播种。
Objective The backwardness of precision corn planting in the hilly and mountainous areas of southwest China. Method A 4-row lightweight corn precision planter that integrates fertilization.ditching and planting is designed to adapt to the southwestern region.A compacting wheel is added to the single unit of the seeder to limit the bounce of seeds in the seed trench;the profiling mechanism is designed as a rear-mounted profiling mechanism.which can effectively carry out profiling operations on relatively steep slopes; the machine adopts a spoon-wheel precision seed metering device,and a seed guide mechanism is designed at the entrance of the seed metering device to improve the seed metering problems such as high missed seed rate.poor single-seed performance and seeding stability. Result By performing discrete element simulation on the seed metering device.the result shows that all the coefficients of variation were less than 20% under different speeds.In the bench test of the seed metering device.compared with the original seed metering device.the coefficient of variation of the drop distance was less than 3%.which showed its good improvement.The 2BF-4 lightweight corn precision planter was developed by using a seed metering device.Through field tests.the average rate was more than 80% and the coefficient of variation was less than 30% when the operating speed was set at 3~6 km/h. Conclusion The planter was suitable for precision corn planting in hilly areas of southwestern China.
hilly areas / lightweight and simple type / corn / spoon-wheel type / planter
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国家玉米产业体系专项(CARS-02-29)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFG0063)
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