生境异质性对典型荒漠植物群落多样性的影响
宋煜 , 单立山 , 杨洁 , 杨彪生 , 师亚婷 , 马丽 , 王红永
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (06) : 136 -144.
生境异质性对典型荒漠植物群落多样性的影响
Impact of habitat heterogeneity on plant community diversity in typical deserts
目的 植物多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,开展异质生境植物群落多样性研究对揭示物种空间格局及分布具有重要意义。 方法 以典型荒漠植物群落为研究对象,通过取样调查对不同生境类型下植物多样性(α-多样性、β-多样性)指数进行分析。 结果 各生境类型灌木密度和草本物种数与密度存在差异,均以典型荒漠区最大,其值分别为3.07个、4.31个和1.36株/m2、0.59株/m2,各生境类型灌木和草本主要优势种也不尽相同,但均有红砂和猪毛菜分布;灌木和群落Pielou指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数从荒漠草原区(JT)到极端荒漠区(JQ)随生境类型变化整体呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,群落丰富度指数呈现荒漠草原区>典型荒漠区>极端荒漠区,最大值为1.21;灌木、草本和群落Whittaker指数和Cody指数从JT到JQ随生境类型变化均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,在典型荒漠区最大,值分别为0.31、1.34、1.02和2.00、3.83、5.83,灌木和群落Sorenson指数与Jaccard指数均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,最大值分别为0.86、0.75和0.57、0.40,而草本呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,在典型荒漠区之间最大,值分别为0.39和0.25。 结论 西北荒漠区植物物种稀少,群落结构简单,且各生境类型区均有红砂和猪毛菜分布;各生境类型灌木、草本和群落α-多样性指数均较小,灌木和群落丰富度与均匀度在荒漠草原区相对较大,草本在典型荒漠区相对较大;相同生境间灌木和群落物种替代速率较大,草本相似性较高,灌木和群落在不同生境间相似性较高。
Objective Plant diversity plays a vital role in overall biodiversity,and studying plant community diversity in diverse habitats is crucial for understanding spatial patterns and species distribution. Method In this study,we focused on a typical desert plant community and conducted a sampling survey to analyze the indices of plant diversity (α-diversity,β-diversity) across different habitat types. Result The results revealed the following:(1) There were variations in shrub density,as well as the number and density of herb species among different habitat types.The highest values were observed in the typical desert area,with shrub density at 3.07 plants/m2,herb species number at 4.31 plants/m2,and herb density at 1.36 plants/m2.The dominant species of shrubs and herbs differed across habitat types but were consistently found in Reaumuria songarica and Salsola collina.(2) The Pielou index,Simpson index,and Shannon index of shrubs and communities exhibited a decreasing trend from the desert steppe (JT) to the extreme desert area (JQ) with changing habitat types,followed by an increasing trend.The community richness index showed the highest value in the desert steppe area,followed by the typical desert area,and the lowest in the extreme desert area,reaching a maximum value of 1.21.The Cody index of shrubs,herbs,and community Whittaker index increased initially and then decreased with changing habitat types,with the highest values found in the typical desert areas,measuring 0.31,1.34,1.02,and 2.00,3.83,5.83,respectively.The Sorenson index and Jaccard index of shrubs and communities displayed a similar pattern of initially decreasing and then increasing,with maximum values of 0.86,0.75,and 0.57,0.40,respectively.However,herbs showed an opposite trend of initially increasing and then decreasing,with the highest values observed in the typical desert areas at 0.39 and 0.25,respectively. Conclusion In conclusion,the northwest desert area had a low number of plant species and a simple community structure,with red sand and soursola present in all habitat types.The α-diversity index of shrubs,herbs,and communities was relatively low in each habitat type.Shrub and community richness and evenness were relatively high in desert steppe areas,while herb richness was relatively high in typical desert areas.Shrub and community species turnover rates were higher within the same habitat,while herb similarity was higher.Shrubs and communities exhibited higher similarity across different habitats.
生境异质性 / 荒漠植物 / 物种组成 / α-多样性 / β-多样性
habitat heterogeneity / desert plants / species composition / α- diversity / β- diversity
重要值(%)=(相对多度+相对盖度+相对密度)/3
Whittaker指数:BW=
Cody指数:BC=
Jaccard指数:BJ=
Sorenson指数BS=
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国家自然科学基金项目(32160253)
国家自然科学基金项目(31960245)
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目([2020]ZYTG15)
对发展中国家常规性科技援助项目(KY202002011)
甘肃省林业科技创新与国际合作资金项目(GLC2019-418-8)
甘肃省科技创新基地与人才计划项目(17 JR7 WA018)
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