有机肥替代化肥对马铃薯生长生理特性及产量的影响
袁辉 , 谢军红 , 李玲玲 , 王林林 , 谢丽华 , 周永杰 , 何珮宇
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (04) : 35 -43.
有机肥替代化肥对马铃薯生长生理特性及产量的影响
Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on growth physiological characteristics and yield formation of potato
目的 从光合特性、抗氧化酶活性变化等方面揭示有机肥替代化肥影响产量的主要机制,以期为陇中旱农区马铃薯绿色生产提供理论依据。 方法 设置单施化肥(T1),50%有机肥代替化肥(T2),25%有机肥代替化肥(T3)和不施肥(T4,对照)4个处理,研究不同处理对马铃薯生长发育、光合生理特性及产量的影响。 结果 T2处理显著促进马铃薯的生长,T2处理50%替代比例下叶面积指数、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b较T4处理分别显著增加112.5、50.82、82.86和57.59%,有机肥替代化肥增加了块茎膨大期与淀粉形成期的超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低了丙二醛含量,其产量较T1和T4处理增幅为7.89%和28.37%。T2处理通过优化叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和光合特性之间的关系,提升叶片抗氧化酶活性,延缓了植株衰老,增加了叶片的光合效率与干物质的有效转运,提高了产量。 结论 50%有机肥替代化肥是适宜该区的科学替代比例。
Objective This study aimed to establish a technical and theoretical foundation for eco-friendly potato cultivation in the dry farming regions of central Gansu Province.The research focused on elucidating the primary mechanisms underlying the substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers concerning photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity. Method Four distinct treatments were implemented: sole application of chemical fertilizer (T1),50% substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer (T2),25% substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer (T3),and a control group without fertilizer (T4).The impact of these treatments on potato growth,photosynthetic physiological traits,and yield was investigated. Result The T2 treatment notably enhanced potato growth.Within the substitution regime,the leaf area index,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll content significantly increased by 112.5%,50.82%,82.86%,and 57.59%,respectively,compared to the no-fertilizer treatment T4.Organic fertilizer substitution augmented the superoxide dismutase activity during tuber swelling and starch formation stages while reducing malondialdehyde levels.Yields rose by 7.89% to 28.37% compared to T1 and T4 treatments devoid of fertilization. Conclusion Through the optimization of the interplay among leaf area index,chlorophyll levels,and photosynthetic traits,the T2 treatment with a 50% replacement ratio of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer bolstered antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves,delayed plant aging,and heightened photosynthetic efficiency and effective dry matter transport,ultimately enhancing yield.In summary,a 50% substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer emerges as the suitable scientific replacement ratio in this region.
马铃薯 / 有机肥 / 化肥 / 光合参数 / 生理指标 / 产量
potato / organic fertilizer / chemical fertilizer / photosynthetic parameter / physiological index / yield
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900302)
甘肃省科技重大专项(20ZD7NA007)
甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA010)
中央引导地方科技发展专项
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