基于饱和D-最优设计日光温室基质栽培西葫芦优化施肥研究
蒯佳琳 , 张玉鑫 , 马彦霞 , 王晓巍 , 康恩祥
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (05) : 117 -125.
基于饱和D-最优设计日光温室基质栽培西葫芦优化施肥研究
Optimal fertilization of substrate grown zucchini in solar greenhouses based on saturated D-optimal design
目的 利用饱和D-最优设计对日光温室基质栽培秋冬茬西葫芦适宜氮、磷、钾用量及养分配比进行研究,以期获得日光温室基质栽培西葫芦的合理养分供应依据。 方法 试验采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计,以产量和品质综合得分为目标函数,以氮、磷、钾施用量3个因素为因变量,构建数学模型进行试验研究。 结果 对西葫芦产量的影响大小排序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥;对西葫芦品质综合得分的影响大小排序为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。利用模型进行计算机模拟,本试验条件下西葫芦产量超过85 000 kg/hm2时的氮肥施用量为439.29~587.46 kg/hm2、磷肥施用量为66.92~113.85 kg/hm2、钾肥施用量为374.36~581.89 kg/hm2。品质综合评分在75分以上的氮肥施用量为302.89~489.67 kg/hm2、磷肥施用量为56.08~98.38 kg/hm2、钾肥施用量为426.30~578.35 kg/hm2。 结论 得出高产优质基质栽培西葫芦的施肥方案,即氮肥施用量439.29~489.68 kg/hm2,磷肥施用量66.82~98.39 kg/hm2,钾肥施用量426.30~578.35 kg/hm2,适宜的N、P2O5、K2O 施用比例约为1∶0.18∶1.08。
Objective The saturated D-optimal design method was tried in the fertilization management of substrate-grown zucchini in solar greenhouse,it is clear to obtain a reasonable nutrient supply basis. Method Fertilizers of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium were designed using the two factors' saturating D-optimal design,and a mathematical model was constructed with the yield and quality as the objective function,and the application rate of N,P and K as three factors of dependent variables. Result N,P and K had significant effects on the yield and quality of substrate-cultivated zucchini,the order of effect on the yield was N > K > P and on the quality was P > K > N.The model was used to make decision,when the yield exceeds 85 000 kg/hm2,the optimum fertilization rate was N 439.29~587.46 kg/hm2,P 66.92~113.85 kg/hm2 and K 374.36~581.89 kg/hm2.When the comprehensive score of quality was more than 75,the optimum fertilizer rate was N 302.89~489.67 kg/hm2,P 56.08~98.38 kg/hm2 and K 426.30~578.35 kg/hm2. Conclusion When the optimum fertilization rate was N 439.29~489.68 kg/hm2,P 66.82~98.39 kg/hm2 and K 426.30~578.35 kg/hm2,the yield reached 85 000 kg/hm2 and the quality grade was more than 75.The most suitable ratio of N,P2O5,K2O is 1∶0.18∶1.08.
西葫芦 / 基质栽培 / 饱和D-最优设计 / 优化施肥 / 产量 / 品质
zucchini / substrate-cultivated / saturated D-optimal design / optimized fertilization / yield / quality
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