减施氮肥对富士苹果园土壤养分及酶活性的影响
王爱玲 , 段国琪 , 田时敏 , 薛琴琴 , 董少鹏 , 梁哲军 , 张建诚
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (05) : 155 -162.
减施氮肥对富士苹果园土壤养分及酶活性的影响
Effects of reduced nitrogen application on soil nutrient and enzyme activities in Fuji apple orchard
目的 以20 a树龄的富士苹果树为试验对象,研究减少氮肥,配合施用微生物菌肥对富士苹果园土壤养分及微生物活性的影响。 方法 试验设置传统施肥(CK)、减少施氮10%(T1)、20%(T2)、30%(T3)和40%(T4),配合施用8 kg/棵的微生物菌肥5种试验处理,以传统施肥为对照CK,分析富士苹果园土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量等土壤肥力指标,土壤蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶等土壤微生物活性指标,并对土壤肥力指标和微生物活性指标进行相关性分析。 结果 所有处理的土壤含水率和土壤养分,20~40 cm的土层深度比0~20 cm土层高,其中T2和T4 0~20 cm的土层深度明显高于CK的土壤含水率高,所有处理20~40 cm的土层深度土壤含水率低于CK;所有处理的土壤养分,0~20 cm土层深度比20~40 cm高。0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、速效氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量以T2最高。所有处理0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层深度的土壤有机质含量和pH以T2最高,且显著高于对照CK。T2处理苹果园的土壤蛋白酶和蔗糖酶含量最高,所有处理的富士苹果园土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶含量均比CK高,T2处理富士苹果园土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶含量最高。 结论 在本研究区域内减氮20%配施8 kg/棵的微生物菌肥的肥效最佳。
Objective With the 20-year-old apple trees employed,this study was conducted to investigate the impact of reducing nitrogen fertilizer in conjunction with microbial fertilizer application on soil nutrients and microbial activities in Fuji apple orchard. Method The five experimental treatments treatments of traditional application and reducing nitrogen application by 10%,20%,30% and 40%,combined with microbial fertilizer application of 8 kg/tree,with traditional fertilization serving as the control (CK).Soil fertility parameters such as total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic matter content in the Fuji apple orchard soil were analyzed.Soil microbial activity indicators including soil protease,urease,and alkaline phosphatase were assessed,with a correlation analysis conducted between soil fertility parameters and microbial activities in the Fuji apple orchard. Result Soil moisture and nutrient levels in the 20~40 cm soil depth surpassed those in the 0~20 cm soil layer,with significantly higher levels observed in the 0~20 cm layer in treatments T2 and T4 compared to CK,while moisture content in the 20~40 cm layer was lower than in CK.Across all treated soil nutrients,the 0~20 cm depth exhibited higher levels than the 20~40 cm depth.The highest concentrations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were found in both the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils in treatment T2.Soil organic matter content and pH were highest in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil depths in T2,significantly exceeding CK.Protease and sucrase contents in the Fuji apple orchard soil were highest in treatment T2,while urease and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in all treated soils compared to CK,with T2 exhibiting the highest levels. Conclusion The treatment T2,i.e.,the 20% reduction in nitrogen combined with 8 kg/tree of microbial fertilizer,demonstrated the most favorable effects of fertilizing.
减氮 / 微生物菌肥 / 苹果 / 土壤养分 / 微生物活性
nitrogen reduction / microbial fertilizer / apple / soil nutrients / activity of microorganism
| [1] |
张强,李兴亮,李民吉, |
| [2] |
姚明.苹果新品种‘泰山早霞’的选育及其生物学特性研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010. |
| [3] |
李玉斌.富士苹果品种的介绍梳理[J].河南农业,2019(7):22-23. |
| [4] |
弓萌萌,王红,张雪梅, |
| [5] |
张嫣然.有机肥化肥配合施用对土壤养分影响[J].农业开发与装备,2018(3):133,156. |
| [6] |
王勤,何为华,郭景南, |
| [7] |
赵佐平,高义民,刘芬, |
| [8] |
冯贤富.有机肥在农业生产中的应用分析[J].农业与技术,2018,38(22):49. |
| [9] |
王爱玲,段国琪,田时敏, |
| [10] |
薛晓敏,聂佩显,韩雪平, |
| [11] |
赵菊莲,张红霞.微生物有机肥对红富士苹果增产提质的影响[J].陇东学院学报,2014,25(3):32-35. |
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
王宏武,冯柱安,胡钟胜, |
| [15] |
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2015. |
| [16] |
林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:73-80. |
| [17] |
朱美玲,贡璐,张龙龙.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤酶活性与环境因子相关分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2678-2685. |
| [18] |
陈亮,常丽,桂秀平, |
| [19] |
何浩,张宇彤,危常州, |
| [20] |
孙焕顷,苏长青.腐植酸钾对黄冠梨土壤肥力的影响[J].北方园艺,2009(7):100-101. |
| [21] |
康洋,温仲明,王杨, |
| [22] |
颜安,吴勇,徐金虹, |
| [23] |
石美娟,续海红,郭华, |
| [24] |
马国礼,张国斌,强浩然, |
| [25] |
焦利卫.施肥对小麦-玉米轮作条件下土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的影响[D].天津:河北工业大学,2010. |
| [26] |
郭萍,文庭池,董玲玲, |
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
十四五国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFD1901102)
山西省农业科学院科技创新工程项目(YGC2019TD08)
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211001-2)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |