基于多角度的农村居民点分布特征及布局优化——以南昌市新建区为例
Study on distribution characteristics and layout optimization of rural residential areas based on multi-angle:A case study of Xinjian District in Nanchang City
目的 研究南昌市新建区1998年与2020年跨度20余年农村居民点的分布特征变化,提出符合区域实际的布局优化策略。 方法 通过核密度、空间自相关、场强模型、最小阻力模型等分析农村居民点的集聚程度、空间聚类程度、城镇辐射引力强度、布局扩张潜力程度,综合4种不同方法分析结果,对南昌市新建区农村居民点布局进行优化。 结果 20余年农村居民点规模扩张速度较快,空间分布集聚程度显著增强,核密度高值位于中心城区及主要交通干线周边;核密度属性下开展空间自相关分析具有代表性,空间集聚特性增强、异质性减弱;农村居民点分布受城镇、主要干线、学校、医院、休闲体育、公园等辐射引力作用显著;高阻力区分布于中部、中西部及北部部分区域,低阻力区分布于南部及北部部分区域;农村居民点布局阻力因素由大到小依次为:政策保护阻力、地形与灾害风险阻力、区位阻力、生产生活阻力;将居民点布局优化类型划分为提升扩展型、整治改造型、控制迁移型。 结论 通过多角度分析农村居民点的空间分布特征,并基于此提出优化布局策略,符合区域地理环境及村庄发展实际,可为多规合一视角下实用性村庄规划编制提供参考。
Objective The study aimed to investigate the changes of distribution patterns in rural residential areas within Xinjian District over a span exceeding 20 years,from 1998 to 2020.It sought to devise an optimization strategy for layouts that align with the regional context. Method Through the utilization of nuclear density analysis,spatial autocorrelation,field strength model and minimum cumulative resistance model,assessments were made regarding clustering degree,spatial clustering degree,urban radiation gravitational intensity,and layout expansion potential of rural settlements.The findings from these distinct methodologies were synthesized to refine the layout of rural residential areas. Result Over the past two decades,the scale of rural residential domains has undergone rapid expansion,with notable enhancements in spatial distribution and concentration.Areas exhibiting high nuclear density tend to cluster around the central urban zone and along major transportation routes.Spatial autocorrelation analysis conducted based on nuclear density attributes proved to be representative,showcasing reinforced spatial clustering features and reduced heterogeneity.The distribution of rural residential zones exhibits significant influence from the gravitational pull of towns,primary transportation arteries,educational institutions,healthcare facilities,recreational spaces,and parks.Areas of high resistance are predominantly situated in central,midwestern,and northern regions,contrasting with low-resistance zones found in southern and northern sectors.Factors impeding the layout of rural settlements encompass policy protection resistance,terrain and disaster risk resistance,location-related resistance,and production and livelihood resistance.Optimization strategies for residential layouts are categorized into enhancement and expansion,rejuvenation and conversion,and migration control. Conclusion By scrutinizing the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential areas from diverse vantage points,the study proposes layout optimization strategies tailored to the regional geographic milieu and the actualities of village development.These strategies offer valuable insights for practical village planning,emphasizing a multi-planning integration perspective.
rural residential areas / distribution characteristics / layout optimization / Xinjian District in Nanchang City
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国家自然科学基金项目(41361049)
江西省赣鄱英才“555”领军人才项目(201295)
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