基于Budyko假设的祁连山排露沟流域蒸散发估算及其变化归因分析
金铭 , 牛赟 , 许尔文 , 于文会 , 董继业 , 赵维俊 , 敬文茂 , 纪浩坤
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (05) : 218 -227.
基于Budyko假设的祁连山排露沟流域蒸散发估算及其变化归因分析
Estimation and attribution analysis of evapotranspiration variation in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains based on Budyko hypothesis
目的 探讨西北干旱区域水资源短缺和森林植被碳汇问题。 方法 以祁连山排露沟流域蒸发皿、气象站、水文站、固定样地等实测数据为基础,采用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall、滑动t、Pettitt、累积距平检验方法,Budyko 假设模型、材积源生物量等方法以及Matlab编程软件对实际蒸散发量进行估算,且对其变化趋势及归因进行研究。 结果 1994~2020 年排露沟流域蒸散发总体呈增加趋势,但在2001年有次突变,突变前后变异系数由0.13增大到0.22,属于较强变异;在2002~2020 年的突变期,蒸散发量对降水、径流、潜在蒸发和下垫面参数的弹性系数分别为0.69、-0.46、-0.47、0.62,且各因子对流域蒸散发变化的贡献率分别为71.65%、-85.57%、69.61%、44.31%,降水量变化对流域蒸散发最为敏感,流域下垫条件变化次之。2003~2021年排露沟流域青海云杉平均碳密度为65.8 mg/hm2,增长速率为1.99 mg/(hm2·a),与流域蒸散发的变化趋势基本相一致。祁连山排露沟流域蒸散发的变化不仅受气候变化的影响,同时在短时期内受到青海云杉生长变化的影响,其变化是气候与植被生长综合影响的结果。 结论 研究结果可对全球气候变暖下的水资源短缺与森林植被的碳汇功能降低的研究提供了理论依据。
Objective The study aimed to investigate water resource scarcity and carbon sequestration within forest vegetation in the arid regions of northwest China. Method Utilizing data from potential evaporation measurements in evaporating dishes within the Pailougou watershed of the Qilian Mountains,along with data from meteorological stations,hydrological stations,and fixed sample plots of Picea crassifolia within the woodland,the actual evapotranspiration and its changing trends and attribution were determined by employed various methods,such as linear regression analysis,the Mann-Kendall test,the moving t test,the Pettitt test,the cumulative distance test,the Budyko hypothesis model,biomass calculations,MATLAB,Maple software programming,and other analytical tools. Result Between 1994 and 2020,evapotranspiration within the Pailugou watershed exhibited an overall increasing trend,with a notable abrupt change occurring in 2001.The coefficient of variation increased from 0.13 to 0.22 post the abrupt shift,indicating a significant variation.During the period of abrupt change from 2002 to 2020,the elastic coefficients of evapotranspiration in the Deeping Ditch Basin concerning precipitation,runoff,potential evaporation,and underlying surface parameters were 0.69,-0.46,-0.47,and 0.62,respectively.The contribution ratios of each factor to evapotranspiration in the basin were 71.65%,-85.57%,69.61%,and 44.31%,with precipitation exhibiting the highest sensitivity to evapotranspiration changes,followed by alterations in the basin's underlying conditions.The average carbon density of Picea crassifolia in the Pailugou Basin was 65.8 mg/hm2 between 2003 and 2021,with an average annual growth rate of mg/(hm2·a),aligning closely with the evapotranspiration trends in the watershed.Changes in evapotranspiration within the Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains are not solely influenced by climate variations but also by rapid growth changes in Picea crassifolia.These changes reflect the combined impact of climate dynamics and vegetation growth. Conclusion The findings offered crucial insights and served as a foundational reference for further investigations into the issues of water resource scarcity and forest vegetation carbon sequestration under the influences of global climate change.
流域蒸散发 / 归因分析 / 气候变化 / 青海云杉林碳密度 / 祁连山排露沟流域
watershed evapotranspiration / attribution analysis / climate change / carbon density of picea crassifolia forest / Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains
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甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(22JR5RG1029)
甘肃省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(22ZY2QG001)
国家自然科学基金项目(32060247)
江苏高等学校协同创新计划项目(HSXT30511)
河西学院科研项目(KYQD2023014)
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