小型单偏心块式红枣振动采收机的研制与试验
马少辉 , 杨蕊 , 车恒恒 , 杨凯 , 谢婉莹 , 杜凯 , 牛顿
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (05) : 321 -328.
小型单偏心块式红枣振动采收机的研制与试验
Development and experiment of a small single eccentric block vibrating harvester for red dates
目的 针对新疆矮化密植种植模式的红枣,在采收环节中还采用传统的人工棒打枣树,使红枣落地,再由人工聚拢,机械捡拾清选,劳动强度大,采收成本高的问题,研究了1种小型三轮电动车为载体,48 V直流永磁电机为驱动的单偏心块式振动采收机,旨在减轻枣农采收红枣的劳动强度,提高红枣生产机械化, 方法 依据矮化密植种植模式的枣树行距、株距、树径和冠径小,所需采收激振力小的特点,设计制作了样机,开展了采收田间试验,对采收数据进行了分析, 结果 当电机转速1 140 r/min,偏心块质量为650 g,夹持高度为300 mm,振动时间7 s时,平均采收净为87.23%,其中夹持树干的高度对采收率的影响最显著, 结论 试验表明,借助三轮电动车为载体的振动采收机,对新疆矮化密植种植模式的红枣采收是可行的,但任需对机具振落后红枣的盛接装置进行完善。
Objective To address the challenges faced by jujube trees in Xinjiang's compact and dense planting configurations,this study focused on the utilization of traditional manual methods involving beating jujube trees with sticks to facilitate fruit drop during harvesting.This process necessitated subsequent manual collection,mechanical picking,and labor-intensive cleaning,resulting in high harvesting costs.The research examined a single eccentric block vibrating harvester integrated with a small three-wheeled electric vehicle as the carrier and a 48V DC permanent magnet motor as the driving force.The aim was to mitigate the labor intensity associated with jujube harvesting and enhance the mechanization of jujube production. Method Taking into consideration the specific characteristics of jujube trees in dwarfed dense planting setups characterized by narrow row spacing,plant spacing,tree diameter,crown diameter,and the requisite harvesting excitation force,a prototype was designed,fabricated,and subjected to field harvesting experiments.The collected harvesting data were then analyzed. Result At a motor speed of 1,140 r/min,with an eccentric block weight of 650 g,a clamping height of 300 mm,and a vibration duration of 7 s,the average net recovery rate reached 87.23%.The clamping trunk height exhibited the most significant influence on recovery efficiency. Conclusion The experimental findings indicate the viability of using a vibrating harvester with a three-wheeled electric vehicle as the carrier for jujube harvesting in Xinjiang.However,enhancements to the jujube collection apparatus in the context of dwarfed dense planting are imperative.
Agricultural machinery / vibration harvesting / development / testing,jujube
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