种植密度对玉米大豆间作系统玉米光合及生长特性的影响
马乐正 , 刘宇航 , 蔡雪梅 , 罗珠珠 , 赵小强 , 牛伊宁
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 40 -48.
种植密度对玉米大豆间作系统玉米光合及生长特性的影响
Influence of maize planting density on the photosynthetic and growth characteristics of maize in the maize and soybean intercrops
目的 阐明玉米大豆间作下玉米冠层光环境在不同种植密度下的变化规律,明确种植密度对间作玉米光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响,为构建陇东黄土高原间作玉米群体合理密度提供理论依据。 方法 以陇东黄土高原玉米大豆间作系统为研究对象,玉米、大豆单作为对照,设置52 500(M1)、67 500(M2)、75 000(M3)和82 500株/hm2(M4)4种间作玉米种植密度,研究种植密度对间作玉米群体光环境变化、光合特性、植株生长特性及产量的影响。 结果 与玉米单作相比,间作显著提高了玉米冠层光截获率和叶面积指数,使玉米保持较高的净光合速率,增加了玉米地上部干物质积累量及产量。吐丝期M3处理的玉米冠层光截获率比单作增加了9.12%,叶面积指数增大了35.08%,净光合速率提高了12.56%,地上部干物质积累量增加了15.98%,产量增幅最大为9 309.78 kg/hm2,土地当量比达1.70。 结论 陇东黄土高原地区及类似自然生态区,玉米、大豆采用4∶2间作比例时,75 000株/hm2玉米密度有利于形成良好的群体冠层光环境,能够得到较多干物质积累量,增加玉米产量,提高间作系统的间作优势。
Objective To elucidate the changes in the light environment of the maize canopy under different planting densities in maize and soybean intercropping systems,and to clarify the effects of planting density on the photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,and yield of intercropped maize,thus providing a theoretical basis for constructing a reasonable maize population density in maize and soybean intercropping system in the Londong Loess Plateau of China. Method The maize and soybean intercropping system was conducted with maize monoculture and soybean monoculture as the controls.Four intercropping maize planting densities of 52 500 (M1),67 500 (M2),75 000 (M3) and 82 500 plants/hm2 (M4) were established.The effects of planting density on the changes in the light environment,photosynthetic characteristics,plant growth characteristics,and yield of intercropped maize populations were studied. Result Compared with maize monoculture,intercropping significantly increased the light interception rate and leaf area index of maize canopy,maintained higher net photosynthetic rate of maize,and increased above-ground dry matter accumulation and yield of maize.At the silking stage,the light interception rate of the maize canopy in the M3 treatment increased by 9.12%,the leaf area index increased by 35.08%,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 12.56%,the dry matter accumulation increased by 15.98%,the yield increased by 9 309.78 kg/hm2,and the land equivalent ratio reached 1.70. Conclusion In this region and similar natural ecological areas,when maize and soybean are intercropped at a 4∶2 ratio,the maize density of 75 000 plants/hm2 is conducive to the formation of a good canopy light environment,which can achieve more dry matter accumulation,thereby increasing maize yield and improving the intercropping advantage of the intercropping system.
玉米大豆间作 / 光环境 / 光合特性 / 农艺性状 / 产量
maize and soybean intercropping / light environment / photosynthetic properties / agronomic traits / yield
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国家自然科学基金项目(32160526)
甘肃省科技计划(24JRRA841)
甘肃省科技计划(24JDRA001)
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