张掖市玉米制种连作田地膜残留特征及对土壤物理性状的影响
程红玉 , 师伟杰 , 肖占文 , 张学晶 , 赵芸晨 , 马银山 , 肖让
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 49 -56.
张掖市玉米制种连作田地膜残留特征及对土壤物理性状的影响
Characteristics of residual plastic film and effect on soil physical properties of continuous cropping field for maize seed in Zhangye
目的 研究张掖市玉米制种田地膜残留的时空分布特征及对土壤物理性状的影响。 方法 通过分层采集不同连作年限(1、5、10、15、20 a)玉米制种田残留地膜和土壤样品,测定其单位面积残膜数量、质量、残膜面积变化和分布特征,以及残膜对土壤容重、孔隙度等物理性状的影响。 结果 随着覆膜连作年限的增加,土壤中残膜数量与质量呈增加趋势,每年分别以136.79×104片/hm2和13.416 kg/hm2的速度增加,主要分布在0~20 cm耕作层。随着覆膜连作时间的延长,残膜有向深层土壤迁移的空间分布变化特征。残膜主要以面积为0~5 cm2和5~25 cm2的碎片为主,连续覆膜5~20 a面积<25 cm2地膜碎片占总地膜残留量的51.79%~98.21%。随着残膜累积量的增加,土壤容重呈增加趋势,孔隙度呈降低趋势。 结论 张掖市玉米制种田连续覆膜5 a以上,田间地膜残留量超过国家标准限值,应加强残膜回收、生物降解膜替代等措施,以缓解该区域制种玉米产业发展中残膜污染问题。
Objective To study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of mulch residue in seed maize field and its effect on soil physical properties in Zhangye. Method Residual film and soil samples were collected from maize seed plots that had been cultivated continuously for different years (1 a,5 a,10 a,15 a,20 a).The quantity,quality,variation and distribution of residue film per unit area and the effects of residue film on soil bulk density,porosity and other soil physical properties were measured. Result With the extension of continuous cropping years,the quantity and quality of residual film in soil also increased,at the rate of 136.79×104 pieces/hm2 and 13.416 kg/hm2,respectively.The residual film was mainly distributed in the 0~20 cm tillage layer.However,with the extension of continuous mulching time,the residual film had a change of distribution characteristics: spatially migrating to deep soil.Mainly,mulch film residues consisted of debris residues of 0~5 cm2 and 5~25 cm2,after 5~20 years of continuous mulching,the film fragments with an area of <25 cm2 accounted for 51.79%~98.21% of the total mulch film residues.With the accumulation of film residues,the bulk density of the soil increased while the porosity decreased. Conclusion In Zhangye,under the premise of continuous mulching for more than 5 years,the residual film in the seed maize field was far above our government standard.Therefore,for the prosperity of maize seed production in this area,measures such as film recycling or biodegradable film replacement should be emphasized and strengthened to control residual film pollution.
maize seed / plastic film residue / distribution characteristics / soil physical properties
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国家自然科学基金项目(41867010)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR1RG308)
甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2022CYZC-62)
甘肃省科技重点研发计划项目(20YF8NG065)
校地合作横向课题(H2021021)
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