麦后复种绿肥方式及施氮制度对土壤有机碳和小麦产量的影响
程宝钰 , 胡发龙 , 韩梅 , 赵财 , 王玉珑 , 殷民兴 , 葛丽丽
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 57 -67.
麦后复种绿肥方式及施氮制度对土壤有机碳和小麦产量的影响
Effects of multiple cropping green manure practices and nitrogen fertilization regimes on soil organic carbon and wheat yield after wheat
目的 针对青藏高原地区麦类作物长期连作和不合理施肥导致土壤有机碳和作物产量降低等问题,探究不同绿肥种植模式及施氮制度对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响,以期为试区土壤固碳和作物产能提升提供理论依据和技术支撑。 方法 基于2018年在青海大学农林科学院试验站布设的长期定位试验展开,试验采用双因素裂区设计,主区设2种施氮制度:总施氮量为180 kg/hm2,春小麦和绿肥分施100%和0%(N1)、80%和20% (N2),副区设3种麦后复种绿肥模式:春小麦-箭筈豌豆(W-V)、春小麦-油菜(W-R)和春小麦-箭筈豌豆×油菜(W-VR);共6个处理。2020和2021春小麦收获后采集耕作层(0~30 cm)土样,测定了土壤中的有机碳及其组分含量。 结果 0~30 cm土层施氮制度N2与N1差异显著(P<0.05),N2较N1处理土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳、热水提取有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量分别提高4.7%、2.9%、7.9%和4.5%,小麦籽粒产量提高12.1%;麦后复种不同绿肥0~30 cm土层有机碳含量差异显著(P<0.05),W-VR较W-V和W-R处理土壤有机碳含量提高7.6%和15.1%,土壤可溶性有机碳含量提高5.6%和10.80%,土壤热水提取有机碳含量提高4.9%和15.7%,土壤易氧化有机碳含量提高7.5%和13.6%,籽粒产量分别提高4.9%和11.1%;麦后复种绿肥模式与施氮制度交互作用对土壤有机碳含量影响显著,W-VRN2较传统种植模式W-VN1土壤有机碳、热水提取有机碳和易氧化有机碳分别提高12.6%、13.0%和12.5%,小麦籽粒产量提高17.7%。 结论 麦后混播箭筈豌豆和油菜结合绿肥施氮20%可有效增加土壤有机碳含量,提高小麦籽粒产量,是青藏高原地区比较合理的绿肥种植模式和施氮制度。
Objective In view of the problems of long-term continuous cropping and irrational fertilization of wheat crops in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which lead to the reduction of soil organic carbon and crop yield,the effects of different green manure planting patterns and nitrogen fertilization systems on soil organic carbon content and crop yield were investigated to provide a basis for soil sequestration in the experimental area. Method This study is based on the long-term positioning experiment set up at the experimental station of the Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Qinghai University in 2018.The experiment adopted a two-factor split-plot design,and two nitrogen fertilization systems were set up in the main plot.The total nitrogen fertilization rate was 180 kg/hm2,and spring wheat and green manure were divided into two systems.100% and 0% (N1),80% and 20% (N2),and three green manure patterns for multiple cropping after wheat were established in the subplot: spring wheat-Vicia sativa (W-V),spring wheat-rape (W-R) and spring wheat-Vicia sativa×rape (W-VR);6 treatments in total.Soil samples in the ploughing layer (0~10 cm and 10~30 cm) were collected after the spring wheat harvest in 2020 and 2021,and soil organic carbon and its components were determined. Result There was a significant difference between N2 and N1 in the 0~30 cm soil nitrogen application system (P<0.05),and the contents of soil organic carbon,soluble organic carbon,hot water extraction organic carbon and easily oxidizable organic carbon were increased by 4.7% in N2 compared with N1,2.9%,7.9% and 4.5%,the yield of wheat grain increased by 12.1%.The content of organic carbon in the 0~30 cm soil layer of different green manures after wheat was significantly different (P<0.05),and the soil organic carbon content of W-VR was higher than that of W-V and W-R.content increased by 7.6% and 15.1%,soil soluble organic carbon content increased by 5.6% and 10.80%,soil hot water extraction organic carbon content increased by 4.9% and 15.7%,soil easily oxidizable organic carbon content increased by 7.5% and 13.6%,and grain yield increased by 4.9% and 11.1%.The interaction between wheat post-wheat green manure mode and nitrogen application system has a significant effect on soil organic carbon content,and W-VRN2 has a higher level of soil organic carbon,hot water extraction organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon than traditional planting mode W-VN1 respectively increased by 12.6%,13.0% and 12.5%,wheat grain yield increased by 17.7%. Conclusion Mixed sowing of Vicia sativa and rapeseed after wheat combined with 20% nitrogen application of green manure can effectively increase soil organic carbon content and increase wheat grain yield,which is a reasonable green manure planting pattern and nitrogen application system in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
spring wheat / green manure / planting pattern / nitrogen fertilization regime / organic carbon
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
陈金,庞党伟,韩明明, |
| [3] |
赵吉霞,禹妍彤,周芸, |
| [4] |
李飞,宋明丹,蒋福祯, |
| [5] |
赵秋,高贤彪,宁晓光, |
| [6] |
杜威,王紫泉,和文祥, |
| [7] |
赵娜,赵护兵,曹群虎, |
| [8] |
齐晓晨,叶祖鹏,赵库, |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
段玉,张君,景宇鹏, |
| [11] |
李超,王俊,邢文超, |
| [12] |
张永亮,潘东,吴明浩.苜蓿+禾草混播方式对二龄混播草地牧草产量的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(9):2210-2219. |
| [13] |
白金顺,曹卫东,曾闹华, |
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
张伟萍,胡云云,李智华, |
| [18] |
韩梅,胥婷婷,曹卫东.青海高原长期复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤供氮能力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(6):104-109. |
| [19] |
曾骏,郭天文,包兴国, |
| [20] |
李金垚,潘雯,王佳, |
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
GJ B,RDB L,L L.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1995,46(7),1459-66. |
| [23] |
王碧胜,于维水,武雪萍, |
| [24] |
李海露,唐友云,李微艳, |
| [25] |
杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延, |
| [26] |
吕奕彤,于爱忠,吕汉强, |
| [27] |
郑伟,加娜尔古丽,唐高溶, |
| [28] |
白璐,蒋福祯,曹卫东, |
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
包兴国,杨文玉,曹卫东, |
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
杨蒙岭,蒋豪,顾勇, |
| [33] |
王静,王磊,刘耀斌, |
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
聂良鹏,郭利伟,郑春风, |
| [36] |
蔡岸冬,张文菊,申小冉, |
| [37] |
李小涵,李富翠,刘金山, |
| [38] |
王朔林,杨艳菊,王改兰, |
| [39] |
张春,杨万忠,韩清芳, |
| [40] |
杨长明,杨林章,颜廷梅, |
| [41] |
沙之敏,陈侠桦,赵峥, |
| [42] |
孙卫民,杨滨娟,钱海燕, |
| [43] |
李磊,王晶,朱志明, |
| [44] |
赵彩衣,王媛媛,董青君, |
| [45] |
王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英翻压量对单季晚稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):156-163. |
甘肃省高校创新基金项目(2020B-127)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-G-12)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |