1-MCP及乙烯利处理对番茄采后品质及生理变化的影响
高铭忆 , 颉建明 , 张婧 , 常有麟 , 董彪
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 68 -75.
1-MCP及乙烯利处理对番茄采后品质及生理变化的影响
Effects of 1-MCP and ethephon treatment on postharvest quality and physiological changes of tomatoes
目的 为准确掌握番茄采收时间,提升采后贮藏品质,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)和乙烯利(ETH)处理对采后番茄贮藏期间果实采后品质及呼吸强度的影响。 方法 以蒸馏水处理为对照(CK),设置1 mg/L 1-MCP熏蒸处理和3 000 mg/L ETH浸泡处理,处理后用塑料袋包装,于常温(25±2)℃贮藏,动态测定相关指标。 结果 与CK相比,经1-MCP处理的果实由绿转红的时间延迟3 d;果实失质量率显著下降,下降30.52%;果实硬度、弹性和咀嚼性显著提高,分别提高了36.01%、44.55%和103.03%;果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C含量出现的峰值分别延缓14 d、7 d和7 d;至贮藏结束时,可滴定酸含量提高13.74%,差异显著;果实叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别提高135.04%、13.26%和71.26%,差异显著;果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率显著减弱。在贮藏结束时,果实失质量率上升38.32%,果实硬度下降41.09%,差异显著;果实弹性和粘附性显著下降,分别降低了26.3%和67.18%;可溶性糖和维生素C含量达到峰值的时间较对照提前7 d;果实呼吸强度显著增强,乙烯释放速率峰值出现的时间提前7 d。 结论 1-MCP 处理可延缓番茄果实成熟与衰老,提高果实耐贮性;ETH处理可加速番茄果实成熟,使果实在短期内成熟,可用于提高早采果实的品质。
Objective In order to accurately predict the harvest time of tomatoes and improve their storage quality,the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethephon (ETH) treatments on the postharvest quality and respiratory intensity of tomato fruits during storage were studied. Method Using distilled water treatment as a control (CK),1 mg/L 1-MCP fumigation treatment and 3 000 mg/L ETH soaking treatment were set up.After treatment,plastic bags were packed and stored at room temperature (25±2)℃,and relevant indicators were measured dynamically. Result Compared with CK,fruits treated with 1-MCP had a delay of 3 days in turning green to red;the fruit weight loss rate was significantly reduced by 30.52%;the fruit hardness,elasticity and chewiness were significantly improved by 36.01%,44.55% and 103.03%,respectively;the peak values of soluble solids,total soluble sugars and vitamin C content in fruits were delayed by 14 days,7 days and 7 days,respectively;at the end of storage,the content of titratable acid increased by 13.74%,with a significant difference;the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in fruits increased by 135.04%,13.26% and 71.26%,respectively,with a significant difference.74%,with a significant difference;the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in fruits increased by 135.04%,13.26% and 71.26%,respectively,with a significant difference;the respiration intensity and ethylene release rate of fruits decreased significantly.At the end of storage,fruit weight loss rate increased by 38.32% and fruit hardness decreased by 41.09%,with significant differences;fruit elasticity and adhesion significantly decreased by 26.3% and 67.18%,respectively;the peak time of soluble sugar and vitamin C content was 7 days earlier than the control;fruit respiration intensity significantly increased and the peak of ethylene release rate appeared 7 days earlier. Conclusion Treatment with 1-MCP can delay the ripening and ageing of tomato fruit and improve its storage tolerance;treatment with ETH can accelerate the ripening of tomato fruit,make it ripe in the short term and can be used to improve the quality of early harvested fruit.
tomato / quality / postharvest / 1-MCP / ethephon
失质量率(%)=(初始质量-储藏后质量)/初始质量×100%
U=V×13.6×(V1-V2)×V3/(m×t)
W=C×(V1-V2)/(m×h)
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