水分调控对贵人香葡萄生长发育和光合特性的影响
董媛媛 , 仇银生 , 苟慧敏 , 梁国平 , 毛娟
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 140 -149.
水分调控对贵人香葡萄生长发育和光合特性的影响
Effects of water regulation on the growth,development and photosynthetic characteristics of Italian Riesling
目的 河西走廊是我国酿酒葡萄生产的优势产区之一,干旱是影响该地区葡萄生产的主要因素,为提升该区域酿酒葡萄原料生产的品质,研究其合理的水分管理模式是非常关键的。 方法 以生长6年的贵人香葡萄为试材,设置T1(土壤含水率占田间持水量的45%~50%,中度水分胁迫)、T2(土壤含水率占田间持水量的55%~60%,轻度水分胁迫)、T3(土壤含水率占田间持水量的75%~80%,高水平灌水)和CK(土壤含水率占田间持水量的65%~70%,当地田间通用管理水平)。测定贵人香葡萄的叶面积、枝条第三节节间长和新梢基部粗度,叶片荧光参数(Fv/Fm、ETR、Fo、qP、qN)、叶片光合参数(Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci)以及果实品质指标。 结果 T3处理显著促进了叶面积的增大、枝条节间和新梢基部粗度的生长,且降低了叶片SPAD值、叶片PS II最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)、叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci),提高了叶片初始荧光(Fo )。与CK相比,T1处理抑制叶面积的增大,抑制葡萄植株的节间长和基部粗度的生长,显著降低了叶片的Fv/Fm、ETR、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN),降低了Fo、叶片净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs)。T2处理下叶片荧光参数Fv/Fm、ETR、qP和qN值都高于CK;叶片初始荧光值高于CK。另外,各水分胁迫处理不同程度地降低了Pn、Gs、Tr和Ci。T2处理可显著改善贵人香葡萄果实品质。 结论 轻度水分胁迫(T2)能在一定程度提升叶片的光合同化效率和贵人香葡萄果实品质,重度水分胁迫(T1)则会阻碍葡萄叶片的正常生长发育及果实品质,因此一定程度的水分胁迫有利于葡萄生长和果实发育。
Objective The Hexi Corridor is one of the most favorable areas for the production of wine grapes.Drought is the main factor affecting the production of wine grape in this area.In order to improve the quality of raw material production of wine grape in this area,it is very important to study the rational water management mode. Method Six-year-old Guinness grapevines were used as test material and were placed at 45~117 d after flowering for T1 (soil moisture content accounts for 45%~50% of field moisture capacity),T2 (soil moisture content accounts for 55%~60% of field moisture capacity),T3 (soil moisture content accounts for 75%~80% of field moisture capacity) and CK (soil moisture content accounts for 65%~70% of field moisture capacity).Leaf area,branch third internode length,new shoot base thickness,leaf fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm,ETR,Fo,qP,qN),leaf photosynthetic parameters (Pn,Gs,Tr,Ci) and fruit quality indexes of Gurenxiang grape were determined. Result High level of irrigation (T3) significantly promoted the growth of increased leaf area,branch internodes and thickness at the base of new shoots,and reduced leaf SPAD values,leaf PS II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),electron transfer rate (ETR),leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),and increased leaf initial fluorescence (Fo).Compared with CK,heavy water stress (T1) inhibited the increase in leaf area,suppressed the growth of internode length and basal thickness of grapevine plants,significantly reduced leaf Fv/Fm,ETR,photochemical quenching coefficient (qP),and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN),and decreased Fo,leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf stomatal conductance (Gs).The values of leaf fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm,ETR,qP and qN were higher under mild stress (T2) than under CK; the initial fluorescence values of leaves were higher than under CK.In addition,each water stress treatment reduced Pn,Gs,Tr and Ci to different extents.Mild water stress (T2) can significantly improve the fruit quality of Guirenxiang grape. Conclusion Mild water stress (T2) can improve the photocontracting efficiency of leaves and the fruit quality of Guirenxiang grapes to a certain extent,whereas severe water stress (T1) can hinder the normal growth and development of grape leaves and fruit quality.Therefore,a certain degree of water stress is veneficial for grape growth and fruit development.
grapes / water stress / fluorescence parameters / photosynthesis
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甘肃省自然基金重点项目(22JR5RA831)
甘肃省特色优势农产品评价项目(TYNPZ2022-05)
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