陇中黄土高原不同土地利用方式对土壤氮组分及酶活性的影响
郭疆 , 袁建钰 , 卓玛草 , 闫丽娟 , 姚武扬眉 , 杜梦寅 , 李广
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (06) : 186 -194.
陇中黄土高原不同土地利用方式对土壤氮组分及酶活性的影响
Effects of different land use practices on soil N fractions and enzyme activities in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong
目的 为探究陇中黄土高原土壤氮组分和酶活性在不同土地利用方式下的分布特征和变化规律。 方法 以陇中黄土高原地区5种不同土地利用方式(撂荒地、云杉林地、沙棘林地、苜蓿地、小麦地)条件下的土壤为研究对象,测定和分析了土壤氮组分含量以及土壤酶活性的变化特征。 结果 在5种土地利用方式下,0~60 cm土层中云杉林地显著增加了土壤全氮和微生物量氮含量,撂荒地和小麦地相对较低。土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量均在苜蓿地达到最高。此外,土壤氮组分含量在土层间也存在差异,其含量分布随土层深度增加而降低。除亚硝酸还原酶活性随土层深度增加表现为上升外,土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶活性随土层加深而降低。与撂荒地相比0~60 cm土层云杉林地和沙棘林地土壤脲酶活性显著增加,苜蓿地和小麦地则有所下降。蛋白酶活性以云杉林地最优,撂荒地最低。苜蓿地硝酸还原酶活性最高,云杉和沙棘林地次之,小麦地最低。亚硝酸还原酶活性在不同土地利用方式中由强到弱依次为苜蓿地、撂荒地、沙棘林地、云杉林地、小麦地。相关性分析表明,土壤氮组分与酶活性之间存在一定的显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。 结论 土地利用方式是影响土壤氮素含量和酶活性变化的重要因素,土壤氮素含量增加,相关土壤酶活性也会升高,尤以云杉林地和苜蓿地表现最佳。
Objective To study the distribution characteristics of nitrogen and enzyme activities in soils of the Longzhong Loess Plateau due to land use change and the effects on regional soil quality and microenvironmental changes. Method Soils from five different land uses (abandoned land,spruce woodland,sea buckthorn woodland,alfalfa land,and wheat land) in the Loess Plateau area of Longzhong were used as research objects to determine and analyze the content of soil nitrogen fractions and the characteristics of changes in soil enzyme activity. Result Among the five land use approaches,spruce woodlands in the 0~60 cm soil layer significantly increased soil total and microbial nitrogen contents,while the abandoned land and wheat land had relatively low content.Soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents were both highest in the alfalfa field.In addition,the content of soil N fractions varied between soil layers,its content distribution decreases with increasing soil depth.Soil urease,protease and nitrate reductase activities decreased with soil depth,except for nitrite reductase activity which showed an increase with soil depth.Soil urease activity increased significantly in spruce woodland and buckthorn woodland in the 0~60 cm soil layer compared with the abandoned land,and decreased in alfalfa and wheat land.The protease activity was optimal in spruce woodland and lowest in abandoned land.Nitrate reductase activity was highest in alfalfa land,followed by spruce and buckthorn woodland,lowest in wheat land.The nitrite reductase activity in the different land use patterns from strong to weak was in the order of alfalfa land,abandoned land,sea buckthorn woodland,spruce woodland,and wheat land.Correlation analysis showed that there was some significant positive correlation between soil N fraction and enzyme activity (P<0.05). Conclusion Land use was an important factor influencing soil nitrogen content and soil enzyme activities,with an increase in soil nitrogen content,soil enzyme activities would also increase,especially in spruce forest and alfalfa field.
土地利用方式 / 陇中黄土高原 / 土壤氮组分 / 土壤酶活性
land use pattern / Loess Plateau of Longzhong / soil nitrogen component / soil enzyme activities
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