绿洲灌区牛粪堆肥与化肥减量配施玉米生产的可持续性分析
丁文庆 , 李盼 , 陈建平 , 郭瑶 , 仇海龙 , 韦金贵 , 赵连豪 , 万平兴 , 殷文 , 陈桂平
甘肃农业大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (03) : 66 -78.
绿洲灌区牛粪堆肥与化肥减量配施玉米生产的可持续性分析
A sustainability analysis of maize production using a combination of cow manure compost and reduced chemical fertilizer in oasis irrigation areas
目的 堆肥是改善土壤质量、保障粮食安全和推动农业可持续发展的有效途径。然而,目前针对绿洲灌区玉米生产体系中堆肥科学配施与化肥减量协同效应的研究仍显不足,尤其缺乏基于产量、资源利用效率及经济效益可持续性的系统评估。 方法 以常规施肥(纯N 450 kg/hm2、P2O5 270 kg/hm2)为对照,牛粪堆肥60 t/hm2和30 t/hm2结合化肥减量10%、20%、30%分别配施7个处理。通过综合玉米产量特性、资源利用率以及经济效益,旨在评估不同堆肥与化肥施用量的可持续性。 结果 堆肥30 t/hm2与化肥减量20%配施(C2F2)有利于优化玉米形态及穗部特征,稳定作物产量。与常规施肥(CK)相比,C2F2处理玉米株高、穗位高分别提高6.7%、9.2%。C2F2处理促进了玉米生产资源高效利用,较CK光能、水分和氮素利用效率分别提高18.7%、12.1%和41.8%。此外,C2F2处理可有效增加总产值,减少化肥投入,获得较高的经济效益。与CK相比,C2F2处理总产值、纯收益和产投比分别提高35.1%、46.9%和11.8%,化肥投入降低18.8%。可持续性分析表明,C2F2处理的可持续性评价指数较高,是一种很有前景的玉米生产策略。 结论 堆肥30 t/hm2与化肥减量20%配施是绿洲灌区增产增效、提高经济效益的可持续玉米生产模式。
Objective Composting is an effective approach to improving soil quality,ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. However, research on the synergistic effects of optimized compost application and chemical fertilizer reduction in maize production systems of oasis irrigated areas remains insufficient, particularly regarding systematic assessments of yield,resource use efficiency,and economic sustainability. Method This study involved seven treatments,with conventional fertilization (pure N 450 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 270 kg/hm²) serving as the control.These treatments included the application of cattle manure compost at rates of 60 000 and 30 000 kg/hm²,combined with reductions in chemical fertilizer application rates of 10%,20% and 30%,respectively.Through a comprehensive analysis of maize yield characteristics,resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits,the study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of various compost and chemical fertilizer application rates. Result Applying compost at a rate of 30 tonnes per hectare,combined with reducing chemical fertilizer by 20% (C2F2),was found to optimize maize morphology and ear characteristics,thereby stabilizing crop yield.Compared to conventional fertilization,the C2F2 treatment increased plant and ear height by 6.7% and 9.2%,respectively.The C2F2 treatment also enhanced the efficient utilization of production resources,improving light,water and nitrogen use efficiencies by 18.7%,12.1% and 41.8% respectively compared to the control group.Additionally,the C2F2 treatment effectively increased the total output value,reduced the input of chemical fertilizers,and achieved higher economic returns.Compared to the control group,the C2F2 treatment improved total input value,net return and input/output by 35.1%,46.9% and 11.8% respectively,while reducing chemical fertilizer input by 18.8%.Sustainability analysis indicated that the C2F2 treatment had a notably high sustainability evaluation index,making it a promising strategy for maize production. Conclusion Applying compost at a rate of 30 tonnes per hectare,combined with reducing chemical fertiliser by 20%,is a sustainable model for producing maize in oasis irrigation regions.This approach effectively enhances yield,improves efficiency and increases economic benefits.
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国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD1900405)
甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-037)
国家自然科学基金项目(32101857)
国家自然科学基金项目(32460547)
甘肃省科技计划项目(25JRRA347)
甘肃省科技计划项目(24ZDNA008)
兰州市青年人才项目(2023-QN-182)
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