To improve the stability of the maglev systems, the stochastic differential equations for the controlled maglev systems were established based on Hamilton's theory, where the nonlinear characteristics of the aerodynamic lift and levitation forces were taken into account. The dynamic planning equations for an optimal control strategy were developed with the objectives of maximizing the reliability, extending the longest average first-passage time, and minimizing the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The results show that the conditional reliability of the maglev systems may be improved and the average first-passage time prolonged by considering the joint action of PD control and optimal control. Moreover, the maximum Lyapunov exponent is always negative, satisfying the conditions for the trivial solution of the maglev systems to be asymptotically stable with a probability of 1. After optimal control, the joint probability density of the systems undergoes a change in behavior, which improves the system's stability. When the intensity of Gaussian white noise is low, the optimal control strategy for maximum reliability has better performance indicators. However, the strategy for minimum the maximum Lyapunov exponent only exhibits good performance within a certain range. The study of the optimal control problem of the maglev trains provides a theoretical basis for improving the train's stability and prolonging the time until the first-passage failure occurs.
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