Aiming at the problems of poor precision, sensitivity to light and restricted teaching range in current industrial robot vision teaching methods, a high-precision industrial robot teaching method was proposed based on a 6D light pen. The light pen was equipped with three infrared-emitting marker balls, and infrared binocular camera mounted on the robot's end-effector captured the marker balls to obtain their 3D position coordinates and 3D pose information. Two measures were implemented to enhance the vision teaching precision of the 6D light pens. Firstly, a hand-eye calibration method was proposed based on infrared light-emitting marker balls, which significantly improved the transformation precision from the camera coordinate system to the robot tool coordinate system. Secondly, an adaptive camera tracking method was proposed, allowing the robot to automatically track the position of the light pen through the camera mounted on the end-effector, ensuring that the marker balls remain centered in the camera's field of view, thus effectively improving the teaching precision. Finally, the captured teaching trajectory was transformed into the robot base coordinate system to achieve trajectory programming and tracking. Experimental results show that the maximum single-point error of the light pens is as 0.63 mm, the maximum pose error is as 2.1432°, and the maximum trajectory error is as 0.73 mm. The proposed teaching method may achieve high-precision and high-efficiency teaching for robots.
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