To address the issues of high workload and low accuracy in existing machine vision-based off-line tool wear measurement, an in-situ monitoring method for milling tool wear in machining centers was proposed based on a spatial attention mechanism U-Net. Firstly, an automatic tool wear monitoring experimental platform was established. Through PMC programming, the platform employed NC codes to control spindle orientation and rotation angles, enabling automatic positioning of the wear areas on the lateral cutting edges of the milling cutters. Secondly, communication with the machine tool through the Focas protocol and C# scripts, automatic in-situ imaging of the milling cutter's bottom edge and each lateral edge were realized. Next, label files were created by using LabelMe software, the spatial attention mechanism U-Net semantic segmentation method was employed to accurately identify the wear areas, and the quantifiable tool wear values were obtained by combining the morphological method. Finally, the proposed model was compared with semantic segmentation models such as Deeplabv3+, full convolutional networks(FCN), Lraspp, SegNet, and PspNet to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
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