A novel snake-like manipulator was proposed, the modular joints of the manipulator were designed with an active extensible degree of freedom, which increased the overall motion flexibility and adaptability in complex spaces. Kinematics modeling of the snake-like manipulators was carried out. The mappings among actuator space, joint space and end task space were analyzed. Considering the characteristics of the extensible joints, two novel joint-end inverse kinematics algorithms were proposed, i.e. the integrated method by combing the conventional FABRIK algorithm with Jacobian-based iterative algorithm, and the modified FABRIK algorithm with iteratively updated link lengths. Numerical simulations were conducted to verify computational accuracy and efficiency. The results show that both methods have better accuracy, while the modified FABRIK algorithm has higher computational efficiency. Finally, a prototype was constructed, and experiments were carried out to validate motion capabilities of the proposed snake-like manipulators.
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