Based on an X2212-type air-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor for UAVs, a combined approach of numerical simulation and experimental validation was employed to systematically analyze the influence of propeller-induced airflows on the motor temperature fields under three altitudes (510, 2560, 4280 m) and three rotational speeds (4000, 6000, 8000 r/min). A motor temperature testing platform was constructed to measure the motor temperature rise distribution under different operating conditions. These measurements were compared and analyzed with the simulation results to validate the model's accuracy. The paper finds that as the altitude increases, the maximum motor temperature exhibits a decreasing trend under all three rotational speeds. However, the motor's relative temperature rise increases with increasing altitude. The results indicate that the combined effects of reduced air density, decreased atmospheric pressure, and changes in ambient temperature due to altitude variation synergistically affect the motor's temperature changes. With increasing altitude, the decrease in ambient temperature causes an overall downward trend in motor temperature. Nevertheless, the thinning air weakens the cooling capacity of the propeller-induced airflows, resulting in a decline in the motor's cooling efficiency and an increase in the relative temperature rise.
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