A Design Method of Wide Blade Ultrasonic Sonotrodes for Both of End and Side Faces Working by Cooperating Frequency Offset Compensation with Stepwise Hierarchical Optimization
In order to meet the functional requirements of the ultrasonic vibration assist integrated heating/molding processes(UVAIMPs) of thermoplastic FMLs for a variable-dimensional ultrasonic machining system, a novel design method by cooperating the frequency offset compensation with stepwise hierarchical optimization was put forward. After the stepped wide blade ultrasonic sonotrode designed by using the above method was assembled with the specified ultrasonic generator and transducer, the corresponding vibration characteristics were measured with a laser vibrometer. The results show that the above sonotrode may operate stably at a resonance frequency of 20 101 Hz. Under the 50% output power of ultrasonic generator, the maximum vibration displacement reaches 16 μm on end faces and 12.7 μm on lateral faces under the condition that the amplitude uniformity is larger than 90%, and the corresponding effective working regions are 110 mm×30 mm and 110 mm×16 mm. Thus, the sonotrodes with both of end and side working faces are realized to satisfy the demands of the variable-dimensional ultrasonic machining system for UVAIMPs of thermoplastic FMLs. The present work verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method.
由金属薄板和连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料交替铺放并热压而成的热塑性纤维金属层合板(fiber metal laminates,FMLs)结合了两种组分材料的优点,具有高比强度和比模量、抗疲劳、耐冲击、损伤容限高、耐腐蚀性强、可回收性好等优异性能,成为航空航天[1]、海洋船舶[2]、轨道交通[3]等领域的重要结构材料之一。热塑性FMLs现有制备工艺存在以下问题:工艺生产周期长、效率低、能耗高;高黏度热塑性树脂熔体难以充分填充增强纤维织物丝/束缝隙形成良好浸渍而导致材料整体力学性能不佳;两种不同组分材料间显著的热物理性能差异会在热塑性FMLs材料层间及各铺层内产生较大的内应力,增加材料在后期成形和服役阶段的分层开裂倾向,从而削弱构件力学性能,威胁装备的服役安全可靠性[4]。
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