To improve the monitoring accuracy of tool wear during machining, a BiLSTM model based on IWOA and IECA mechanism was proposed. Tool wear data segments from the PHM2010 dataset were intercepted, and multi-domain features were extracted. Tool wear strongly correlated features were then obtained by screening with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The input features were used to train the model. The BiLSTM module in the model effectively captured temporal features within the data. The IECA attention mechanism module enhances the feature representational capability. The IWOA module optimized the model's hyperparameters, further improving the model accuracy. The model performance was finally tested based on three-fold cross-validation and compared with several other models. The results demonstrate that the IWOA-IECA-BiLSTM tool wear monitoring model achieves the best performance on most test sets. On test sets C1,C4 and C6, the root mean square error (RMSE) values are as low as 6.5, 12.46, and 9.28, respectively.
式中:为Sigmoid激活函数;tanh(·)为双曲正切激活函数; ft 为遗忘门,用于控制丢弃信息; it 为输入门用于决定存储信息; ot 为输出门用于决定下一个隐藏层状态;为LSTM的候选细胞状态;为LSTM在时间步t的细胞状态;、、、为各门对应的权重矩阵;为时间步t的输入向量;、、、为各门的偏置向量;为时间步t的隐藏状态;表示逐元素相乘;为向量和的拼接操作。
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